水生动物对环境因子行为偏好研究进展

行为是水生动物适应环境所做出功能性调节的表现。文章以水生动物的主要类群鱼类和甲壳类为主，综述了栖息地内各类环境因子（温度、溶氧、盐度、浊度、氨氮、光、声、底质、水流和生物等）同水生动物游泳行为、繁殖行为、攻击和残食行为、种群行为等行为之间的适应性偏好关系，提出了利用水生动物的偏好行为反应其对栖息地环境的选择适应性。展望了行为学研究方法也需要向着多因子、计算机视觉辅助、野外场景构建等更贴实际的方向发展。

Effects of Environmental Factors on Behavior Preference of Aquatic Animal

Behavior is the functional regulation that aquatic animals made to adapt to the environment. This article summarized the relationship between various habitat environmental factors and swimming, reproductive, aggressive, cannibalistic and population behavior based on the main groups of aquatic animals (fish and crustaceans). Environmental factors included temperature, content of dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, salinity, turbidity, light, sound, bottom material, stream and biology. Then the author put forward the point of studying the adaptability to habitat environment through behavior preference of aquatic animals. At last, the author proposed that behavioral research methods should use multiple-factor, computer visual AIDS and wild scene building and should be more practical in the future.