缺钾胁迫对大豆植株钾素与干物质积累的影响

为了给大豆生产中合理施用钾肥提供重要理论依据和参考，本试验采用砂培方法，自大豆V3期开始，连续进行4 次缺钾处理，研究了缺钾胁迫对大豆植株钾素和干物质积累的影响。结果表明：大豆V3~R1期缺钾胁迫，下部叶、柄钾素向上部转移，以供给新生的上部器官，保证其生长；在R1~R3期、R3~R5期、R5~R6期缺钾胁迫，所有营养器官中的钾素均向荚果中转移，以保证其生长发育；V3~R1期、R1~R3期主要以营养生长为主，此时断钾，钾素对营养生长阶段的大豆干物质积累未有很大的影响。R3~R5期、5~R6期为钾素对干物质积累影响最关键时期，此时断钾，干物质积累下降明显。

Effect of Potassium Deficiency on Accumulation of Potassium and Dry Matter in Soybean

The aim was to provide important theoretical basis of potash fertilizer application in soybean production. From V₃ stage, four consecutive potassium deficiency treatments were set to determine effect of potassium deficiency stress on the accumulation of potassium and dry matter in soybean plant with sand culture. The result showed that under the condition of potassium deficiency, potassium transferred from lower to upper leaf and petiole for the growth of new organs in V₃ to R₁ stage. Potassium transferred from vegetative organ to pod to ensure pod’s growth and development from stages of R₁ to R₃, R₃ to R₅ and R₅ to R₆. The potassium deficiency had little effect on dry matter accumulation in stages of V₃ to R₁ and R₁ to R₃ which were mainly vegetative growth. The accumulation of dry matter declined obviously when potassium deficiency was in stages of R₃ to R₅ and R₅ to R₆, which were pivotal to the effect of potassium on dry matter accumulation.