粒用高粱需水量及耗水特性的研究

影响高粱高产的因素很多，包括品种、水肥、土质及气候等因素，为探究高粱的高产性能，寻找影响高粱高产的突破口，本研究运用单因素随机区组设计的方法对粒用高粱拔节期和灌浆期的最大需水量及其一生的耗水特性进行了研究。结果表明：随着灌水量的增加，耗水量增加，穗长和枝梗数显著性地增加，但灌水量120~140mm的穗长和枝梗数差异不显著；籽粒千粒重和产量显著性地增加，灌水量100~140mm的千粒重和产量差异不显著。高粱拔节期最大需水量为120mm；开花灌浆期最大需水量为100mm；高粱拔节前耗水48.74mm，占总耗水量的10%~15%；拔节~抽穗耗水140.51~177.12mm，占总耗水的35%~43%，抽穗-成熟耗水137.65~272.27mm，占总耗水的42%~55%；水分生产效率随耗水量的增大，呈现先升后降的趋势，灌浆期灌水100mm处理的水分生产效率为最高，最高可达29.49kg/(hm²·mm)。

Studies on Water Requirement and Water Consumption Characteristics of Grain Sorghum

There are many factors affecting sorghum high-yield, such as variety, water and fertilizer, soil and climate, etc. To explore high-yield performance of sorghum and look for the research breakthrough of sorghum yield influencing factors, the maximum water requirement on the stage of sorghum jointing and flowering and lifelong water consumption characteristics of grain sorghum were studied by the method of univariate randomized complete block design. The results showed that water consumption and ear length and branch number increased significantly as the quantity of irrigation water increased, no significant difference was found on the ear length and branch number by the 120-140 mm irrigation amount. 1000-grain weight and yield of grain increased significantly, no obvious difference was found by the 100- 140 mm irrigation amount. The conclusions showed that the maximum water requirement was 120 mm for sorghum jointing stage and 100 mm for flowering filling stage. Water consumption was 48.74 mm before sorghum jointing stage, which accounted for 10%-15% of the total water consumption. Water consumption was 140.51-177.12 mm from jointing to heading, which accounted for 35%- 43% of the total water consumption. Water requirement was 137.65- 272.27 mm from heading to maturation, which accounted for 42%-55% of the total water consumption. There was a trend that water productivity increased first and then decreased with the increasing of water consumption. Water productivity was the highest on the sorghum filling stage by the treatment of the 100 mm irrigation amount, which could reach 29.49 kg/(hm²·mm).