阳泉雾气候特征分析及与霾的对比研究

为了掌握阳泉雾的发生规律及与霾的区别，基于阳泉雾、霾观测资料及地面常规观测资料，运用统计分析的方法分析了阳泉雾的气候变化特征及雾、霾气候特征的差别。结果表明：（1）1955—2012年间，阳泉雾日数在全年及四季均呈先增加后减少的年际变化趋势，这与气温的升高及年均相对湿度、年降水总量的下降有关。雾日数在20世纪70年代增加显著；在21世纪00年代下降明显。雾日分布具有明显的季、月变化特征。（2）由雾、霾对比可知，1975—2012年间，雾日显著下降，而霾日显著上升。雾、霾均有显著的季、月变化特征，但四季均为雾日少于霾日，除8、9月外，其他月雾日均少于霾日。雾、霾不同气候特征的得出，可为科学观测和预报雾、霾提供依据。

Analysis of Climatic Characteristics of Fog and Its Contrast to Haze in Yangquan

In order to master the occurrence rule of fog and difference between fog and haze in Yangquan, the observed fog data and haze data, the conventional meteorological data were studied with statistical analysis method to analyze the climatic features of fog. The difference of climatic features between fog and haze was also revealed. The results indicated that: owing to effects of temperature rise, decline of annual relative humidity and precipitation, the number of fog days of the whole year and every season increased firstly and then decreased from 1955 to 2012. Fog days increased significantly in the 1970s and decreased conspicuously in the first decade of the 21st century. The seasonal and monthly variations of fog occurrence were obviously. By the comparison between fog and haze, during 1975 to 2012, fog days decreased notably, while haze days increased significantly. Fog days and haze days showed obvious seasonal and monthly variation characteristics, in every season, fog days were less than haze days, and except August and September, fog days were less than haze days in other months. The study of difference between fog and haze climatic characteristics could provide a scientific basis for their observation and forecast.