水氮耦合对土壤紧实度、土壤盐分和烤烟经济性状的影响

为探讨豫西烟区适宜的灌溉模式和氮肥用量，采用裂区试验，研究不同灌溉次数和不同施氮水平对烤烟干物质、土壤紧实度、土壤盐分和烤烟经济性状的影响。结果表明，灌溉和施氮均能明显提高烤烟干物质积累，在N1水平下，与不灌溉处理相比，灌溉处理干物质增加44.41~65.34g/株。烟田土壤紧实度整体上呈现先增加后降低的趋势，移栽后80天，施氮处理土壤紧实度均高于不施氮处理。在移栽后60、80天，与不灌溉处理相比，灌溉处理提高了土壤盐分。从产量上分析，不同施氮水平间以N2水平产量最高，达1706.3kg/hm²，不同灌溉水平间以W1水平产量最高，达1683.1kg/hm²；从产值上分析，以W1N1处理产值最高，达30665元/hm²。综合分析，在豫西烟区，最优的水肥模式为：旺长期灌溉1次、施氮量60kg/hm²，建议在生产中示范应用和推广。

Coupling Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Compaction, Soil Salt and Economic Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco

In order to investigate the optimal mode of irrigation and nitrogen application rate for growing tobacco in western Henan, the coupling effects of different irrigation times and nitrogen application rates on dry matter accumulation, soil compaction, soil salt and economic characteristics of flue- cured tobacco were studied using split plot experiment. The results showed that both of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application could improve dry matter accumulation of flue- cured tobacco. Under N1 (60 kg/hm²) level, the dry matter accumulation of irrigation treatments increased by 44.41- 65.34 g/plant compared with non- irrigation treatment. Soil compaction firstly increased and then decreased. At 80 days after transplanting, the soil compaction of nitrogen fertilizer treatments was higher than that of non-irrigation treatment. At 60 days and 80 days after transplanting, the soil salt of irrigation treatments increased compared with non-irrigation treatment. Among 3 different nitrogen rates, the N2 level (90 kg/hm²) got the highest yield (1706.3 kg/hm²). Among 3 irrigation methods, the W1 level (irrigation once at fast-growing stage) got the highest yield (1683.1 kg/hm²). The output value of W1N1 (irrigation once at fast- growing stage + N 60 kg/hm²) treatment was the highest compared with other treatments, reached 30665 yuan/hm². Comprehensive analysis suggested that the combination of irrigation once at fast-growing stage with N of 60 kg/hm² was suitable for tobacco growing in western Henan.