Cell types and their immunological functions in bovine mammary tissues and secretions--a review of the literature

In this work the literature concerning cells related to bovine mammary gland defence mechanisms has been reviewed. The cells considered in this review include leucocytes from mammary secretions, leucocytes located in the mammary tissues, and nonsecretory epithelial cells which line the teat and the lactiferous sinuses of the udder. The mammary secretions and tissues basically contain three types of cells: polymorphonuclear leucocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes. The number of each type of cell varies, depending on the physiological and pathological states of the udder, and all cell functions are associated with the immuno-defence mechanisms of the mammary gland.