准噶尔荒漠3种典型植物群系植物多样性及其影响因素

以准噶尔荒漠3种典型植物群系为研究对象,通过野外调查取样和室内测定,并结合环境因子,分析比较准噶尔荒漠3种典型植物群系群落组成和多样性特征。结果表明:准噶尔荒漠3种典型植物群系共记录6科13属15种植物,物种多样性总体较低,藜科植物在荒漠植物中占比超过55%。在3种植物群系中,伊犁绢蒿群系的Shannon-wiener指数和Simpson指数最高,分别为1.09和0.56;白梭梭群系的Pielou指数和Simpson指数最低,分别为0.54和0.42;盐生假木贼群系的Pielou指数最高,为0.85。准噶尔荒漠植物群落物种组成和多样性受多种环境因子综合作用,影响伊犁绢蒿群系最主要的环境因子是土壤有机碳和全氮含量,影响白梭梭群系最主要的环境因子是年平均气温,影响盐生假木贼群系最主要的环境因子是年平均降水量和土壤pH值,在整个研究区域年平均气温、年平均降水量、纬度和土壤有机碳含量在所有环境因子中起主导作用。

Plant Diversity and Its Influencing Factors of Three Typical Plant Formations in Junggar Desert

The community composition and diversity characteristics of three typical plant formations in Junggar Desert were analyzed and compared by field sampling,indoor measurement and environmental factors.The results showed that there were 6 families,13 genera and 15 species in the there typical plant formations of Junggar Desert,and the species diversity was low.The Chenopodiaceae plants account for more than 55%of desert plants.The Shannon-wiener species diversity index and Simpson diversity index were the highest in Seriphidium transiliense plant formation among the three formations,1.09 and 0.56,respectively;the Pielou evenness index and the Simpson diversity index were the lowest in Haloxylon persicum plant formation,0.54 and 0.42,respectively;and the Pielou evenness index was the highest in Ahabasis salsa plant formation,0.85,among the halophytic species.Composition and diversity of desert plant communities in Junggar are influenced by a variety of environmental factors.Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen are the most important environmental factors affecting the S.transiliense plant formation.The most important environmental factor affecting H.persicum plant formation is average annual temperature.The most important environmental factors affecting A.salsa plant formation are average annual precipitation and soil pH.The average annual temperature,annual precipitation,latitude and soil organic carbon play a leading role in all environmental factors throughout the study area.