Evaluation of systemic acquired resistance inducers for control of downy mildew on basil |
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| Institution: | 1. Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 SW 280 St., Homestead, FL 33031, USA;2. Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3200 E Palm Beach Rd., Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA;1. Computational Toxicology and Methods Development Laboratory, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, MS-F57, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA;2. VLife Sciences Tech. Pvt. Ltd., Plot No-05, Survey No 131/1b/2/11, Ram Indu Park, Baner Road, Pune, 411045, India;1. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt;2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt;1. University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, ul. Łobzowska 24, 31-140 Kraków, Poland;2. The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;1. Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha Str., 90-237 Łódź, Poland;2. Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 163 Pomorska Str., 90-236 Łódź, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Basil downy mildew, caused by Peronospora belbahrii Thines sp. nov., is a devastating foliar disease of fresh-cut basil first discovered in the U.S. in South Florida in 2007. Since then the pathogen has been found in over 20 U.S. states and has become a major threat to sweet basil production. In this study, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM, Actigard 50WG), DL-3-aminobutyric acid (BABA), isonicotinic acid (INA), salicylic acid (SA) and sodium salicylate (SS) were evaluated for their potential to control basil downy mildew in the greenhouse. Efficacy of these systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducers varied in control of basil downy mildew depending on the rate, method and timing of application. Foliar sprays of ASM applied pre-, post- or pre- + post-inoculation at rates ranging from 25 to 400 mg l−1 significantly (P = 0.05) reduced disease severity compared to the non-treated control in all experiments. ASM sprayed at 50 mg l−1 three times on a weekly basis starting 3 and 7 days post- inoculation resulted in a 93.8 and 47.1% reduction in disease severity, respectively. Six weekly foliar sprays of BABA as pre- + post-inoculation at rates equal or higher than 125 mg l−1 significantly suppressed downy mildew compared to the non-treated control. Foliar treatments of ASM or BABA followed by one or two post-inoculation sprays of a mixture of potassium phosphite (Prophyt) and azoxystrobin (Quadris) significantly improved efficacy for disease control. Sporangia counted on ASM treated leaves were significantly lower than leaves sampled from the non-treated control. ASM and BABA at concentrations lower than 1.0 mM did not inhibit sporangial germination in vitro. The effect of INA, SA and SS on disease reduction was generally inconsistent and not significant compared to the non-treated control. |
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