氮肥与生物质炭配施对春小麦生长、产量及品质的影响

为了解氮肥和生物质炭配施对北疆灌区春小麦生长、产量及品质的影响，采用随机区组试验设计，以春小麦品种新春37号为供试材料，设置3个氮肥水平[不施氮肥(N0:0 kg·hm^-2)、常规施氮(N1:300 kg·hm^-2)、减量施氮(N2:255 kg·hm^-2)]和4个生物质炭水平[不施生物质炭(B0:0 kg·hm^-2)、低量生物质炭(B1:10×10³ kg·hm^-2)、中量生物质炭(B2:20×10³ kg·hm^-2)、高量生物质炭(B3:30×10³ kg·hm^-2)],分析了不同处理下春小麦干物质积累与转运特性、籽粒产量及品质指标的差异。结果表明，生物质炭与氮肥配施可增加春小麦单株干物质积累量，提高花前同化物转运量、转运效率和对籽粒产量的贡献率，促进籽粒灌浆和产量形成，改善加工、营养品质。对小麦生长、品质及产量指标进行综合分析，减量施氮配施中量生物质炭(N2B2)...

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Biochar on Growth, Yield and Quality of Spring Wheat

In order to study the comprehensive effects of different application rates of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on the growth, yield, and quality of spring wheat in the irrigated area of Northern Xinjiang, a randomized block design was adopted. Three levels of nitrogen fertilizer were set up: no nitrogen fertilizer (N0:0 kg·hm^-2), conventional nitrogen fertilizer (N1:300 kg簚hm^-2), and reduced nitrogen fertilizer (N2:255 kg·hm^-2); 4 levels of biochar application were used, no biochar (B0:0 kg·hm^-2), low biochar (B1:10×10³ kg·hm^-2), medium amount of biochar (B2:20×10³ kg·hm^-2), and high volume biochar (B3:30×10³ kg·hm^-2), making a total of 12 treatments. The results showed that the combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improved dry matter accumulation per plant of wheat, promoted the transport amount, transport rate and contribution rate of assimilates to grains before anthesis, improved the grain filling characteristics of spring wheat, promoted the formation of wheat yield, and also hada positive impact on wheat processing and nutritional quality. The treatment of reduced nitrogen fertilizer combined with medium amount of biochar (N2B2) showed the best comprehensive effect in growth, quality, and yield indicators of wheat, and the highest dry matter per plant, reaching 5.12 g·plant^-1 at the maturity stage. The transport amount, transport rate, and contribution rate of assimilates to grains before anthesis were 0.46 g·plant^-1, 15.32%, and 17.41%, respectively. Compared with the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer alone (N1B0), the yield was increased by 22.12%, and the content of protein (dry basis) and starch (wet basis) in nutritional quality was16.59% and 62.12%, respectively.For processing quality, gluten (wet basis), Zeleny sedimentation value, and hardness are 31.31%, 46.95 mL, and 63.79, respectively. To sum up, under the conditions of this experiment, the treatment of reducing nitrogen fertilizer and applying medium amount of biochar (N2B2) is conducive to achieving the goal of stable yield, yield increase, quality and efficiency in spring wheat production in the irrigated area of Northern Xinjiang.