非AA染色体药用野生稻的利用研究

为充分利用药用野生稻的高蛋白、分蘖力强以及高抗褐飞虱和抗白叶枯病等优异基因,以4个不同栽培稻品系为母本,以药用野生稻＂1665＂为父本,通过组织培养、连续回交和自交,观察杂交后代的农艺性状及其遗传表现。结果表明,F1植株都不能正常结实,4个杂交组合的农艺性状表现为4个类型（母本型、父本型、中间型和超亲型）,其中分蘖力表现为超亲优势。4个杂交组合均获得了远缘杂种后代,并在药用野生稻×桂99和药用野生稻×西乡糯2个组合的后代中分别选育出抗褐飞虱和抗白叶枯病株系。在P1×P2组合的BC4F10后代中成功选育出具有CC染色体药用野生稻亲缘、结实率达92%、株型较好、抗白叶枯病、对不育系具有较强恢复能力的水稻新品系（药恢118和药恢121）。因此,AA与CC染色体的远缘杂交是可行的,但需多配组合,在选育过程中注重农艺性状的选择,加强回交和自交选育,并注重对每个世代的抗性鉴定及选育。

Utilization on Oryza officinalis Wall without AA chromosome in breeding programs

The present study was conducted to utilize outstanding genes for high protein, stronger tillering ability, high resistance to brown plant hopper and white leaf blight etc., from O. of officinalis Wall using various breeding techniques. Four different rice species were used as female parent and O. officinalis Wall ＂1665＂ was used as male parent to investigate the agronomic traits and heredity performance of hybridization by immature embryo tissue culture, continuous backcross and inbred. The results showed that the F1 hybrid plants could not be seeded normally, and the agronomic traits of four hybridization combinations showed four categories viz., female parent type, male parent type, intermediate type and transgressive type, and the tillering ability showed transgressive heterosis. The four hybrid combinations could obtain distant hybrid descendant, and the anti-brown plant hopper and the anti-white leaf blight strains from the descendants of the combination P1×P2 and P1×P4, respectively. The new rice species Yaohui 118 and Yaohui 121, which showed the CC chromosome relationship, 92% of seed setting rate, good plant type, resistance to white leaf blight, and had the stronger restoring ability to male-sterile line, were bred from the BC4F10 of the P1×P2 combination. Therefore, the distant hybridization between cultivated rice with AA chromosome and O. officinalis Wall with CC chromosome is feasible. There is need to explore more combinations and the selection of agronomic traits. Backcross breeding and inbreeding should be strengthened, and the resistance identification in bred products in each generation should be carried out.