饲料中大豆油替代鱼油对银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼血清溶菌酶活性及组织抗氧化能力的影响

银鲳(Pampus argenteus)是沿海重要的经济鱼类,本研究针对养殖银鲳幼鱼进行人工配合饲料研发,降低饲料成本、增强鱼体体质、提高存活率等.通过配制以100％鱼油(FO)、70％鱼油和30％大豆油(FSO)、30％鱼油和70％大豆油(SFO)、100％大豆油(SO)为脂肪源的4组饲料,检测银鲳幼鱼血清溶菌酶(LZM)和组织抗氧化性能的变化情况,以探究饲料大豆油替代鱼油对银鲳幼鱼健康的影响.结果显示,SFO组血清LZM水平最高,SO组最低,但各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).FSO和SFO组的肌肉丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于FO和SO组(P＜0.05),肝脏MDA含量则是FO和FSO组较高(P＜0.05).血清和肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力最高的均为SFO组,而SO组活力较低.相对地,肝脏SOD和CAT活力均是FO组最高(P＜0.05).肌肉和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均是FO和FSO组较高,而血清T-AOC是SO组较高.研究表明,豆油替代30％和70％鱼油,对银鲳幼鱼免疫和抗氧化能力都略有促进作用,但完全使用豆油会对机体产生负面影响.

Effects of Dietary Substitution of Fish Oil by Soybean Oil on the Serum Lysozyme Activity and Tissue Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Silver Pomfret (Pampus argenteus)

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are essential fatty acids (EFA) and have important roles in growth, development and physiological function of fish. Fish oil is characterized by high content of n-3 LC-PUFA, but harvesting fish oil is controversial due to limited wild fish stock and increased production cost. Silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) is an important economic species in coastal areas of China. There are many problems in the technological development of artificial breeding and aquaculture for silver pomfret. For the purpose of researching and developing artificial feed, reducing feed cost, improving fish health and survival rate, in this study, 4 experimental dietary groups were designed for the feeding trial: 100% fish oil (FO), 70% fish oil and 30% soybean oil (FSO), 30% fish oil and 70% soybean oil (SFO), and 100% soybean oil (SO). To explore the effect of substitution of dietary fish oil by soybean oil on silver pomfret, serum lysozyme (LZM) activity and tissue antioxidant capacity were measured. The results suggested that serum LZM activities were the highest in SFO group, and the lowest in SO group, although no significant difference was detected (P>0.05). Muscle malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of FSO and SFO group were significantly higher than that of FO and SO group (P<0.05). Liver MDA contents in FO and FSO groups were significantly higher than that of any other groups (P<0.05). The highest superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of serum and muscle were in SFO group. By contrast, SO group had lower SOD and CAT activities than any other groups. The liver SOD and CAT activities were found significantly higher in FO group than other groups (P<0.05). T-AOC of muscle and liver in FO and FSO were higher than other groups, and group SO had the highest serum T-AOC. This experiment suggested that replacing dietary fish oil by soybean oil for 30% or 70% can promote immune and antioxidant function of juvenile silver pomfret. But replacing dietary fish oil by 100% soybean oil had negative effect on immunity and growth of silver pomfret.