核桃大树芽接对树冠恢复、主干感病及产量的影响

在非目的品种核桃大树上利用方块形芽接方法，探求与核桃树地径相适应的预留橛数和嫁接芽数，以期为核桃生产中的大树芽接技术提供操作依据。在相同肥力地块选择相同地径水平的核桃树作 为砧木，设置单因素4 处理试验。第1 年短截骨干枝，第2 年在新生嫩枝上采用方块形芽接技术嫁接目的品种芽块。接后从第2 年开始，连续3 年调查核桃树冠直径恢复情况、主干感染腐烂病的情况及单位面积产量。最终总结出合理的留橛数和嫁接芽数。调查结果表明，在一定范围内预留橛数越多，嫁接芽数越多，树冠恢复就越快，主干感病越轻，产量恢复也越快。对于地径在20~25 cm内的核桃大树应预留16 个树橛，嫁接40 个芽为宜。试验探求了一套成活率高，树冠及产量恢复较快，且树干不易感病的核桃大树芽接技术，为核桃生产中的大树芽接提供参考依据。

Effect of Walnut Tree Bud Grafting on Canopy Restoration, Trunk Disease Infection and Yield

Square budding method is used in non-target species of walnut trees with an aim to explore the number of bud grafting pegs reserved matching walnut tree diameter size, which provides evidence for the operation of bud grafting in production. In the same fertility plots, walnut trees with the same diameter were selected as stock, and the single factor 4 treatments were set up. In the first year, backbone branches were cut. In the second year, square bud grafting was used in new shoots to graft target sprout tuber. From the second year on, the authors surveyed for 3 consecutive years the restoration of diameter of the canopy, the trunk infection and yield per unit area. Finally the appropriate number of stakes and bud grafting peg was obtained. The results showed that the more reserved stakes within certain range and bud grafting pegs, the faster the crown recovery, the lighter the trunk disease, the faster the yield recovery. For the tree with the diameter of 20-25 cm, 16 walnut tree stakes with 40 buds should be reserved. The experiment explores a set of bud grafting technology with high survival rate, fast recovery of canopy and yield, and less trunk diseases, providingreferences for bud grafting in the production of walnut trees.