膜下滴灌技术在雨水集蓄利用工程中的研究

在黄土高原半干旱丘陵沟壑区,修建集雨蓄水工程并结合滴灌、覆膜坐水等措施,对作物进行补充灌溉,以期适应年内降雨时空分配极为不均,水分供需严重错位的现状。旨在改善土壤蒸发强度、土壤温度和降雨空间分配,提高灌水效率和水分利用效率,最终达到稳产高产的目的。通过2006年的田间试验研究,结果表明:集雨滴灌3次的增产量为2353.61~3845.62 kg/hm2,增产效果为44.07%~72.01%。在同样的补灌水量及灌水次数情况下,把灌浆期增加的灌水定额转移到拔节期更有利于提高玉米增产效果和集雨滴灌效率,将灌浆期多补灌7.5 mm的水量调配给拔节期,使得补灌效率增加2.05 kg/m3,将同样的水量由灌浆期转移给拔节期后,使得增产效果和补灌效率都有不同程度的提高,增产效果提高12.93%~21.89%,补灌效率提高3.41~4.21 kg/m3。

Study on Application of Drip Irrigation under Ground Membrane Technology in Rainwater Harvesting and Utilization Project

In semi-arid hilly and gully regions of the Loess plateau,the rainwater harvesting projects are constructed and combined with the measures of drip irrigation and film-mulched water sitting growing for the supplementary irrigation of crop to adapt to the situation of imbalance distribution of rainwater in time and space and serious misplacement between rainfall and the water requirement period of crop.Through the above work,it is hoped that the soil evaporation intensity,soil temperature,the rainwater distribution in space,and the water use efficiency can be improved to enhance the yield.The results of the field experiment in 2006 showed that the yield of the treatment with water harvesting irrigation for three times increased from 2 353.61 kg/ha to 3 845.62 kg/ha,the increasing proportion was from 44.07% to 72.01%.Under the same water quantity and times of supplementary irrigation,transferring the irrigation water quantity increasing in filling stage to jointing stage was more advantageous to enhance yield and irrigation efficiency.Through transferring 7.5 mm irrigation water quantity of filling stage to jointing stage,the yield could increase 12.93%~21.89% and the irrigation efficiency could increase 3.41~4.21 kg/m3.