水资源可持续利用优化决策模型在典型牧区的应用

以干草原和荒漠草原牧区为典型,针对典型牧区水资源短缺,草原生态环境日益恶化等问题,建立了牧区水资源可持续利用优化决策模型。以具有代表性的鄂托克前旗典型牧区为例,进行人工种植冷季补饲型和暖季放牧冷季舍饲型两个方案的优化计算。主要解决了以下五个方面的问题:(1)优选夏秋牧场面积和冬春牧场面积;(2)优选种植业结构及规模;(3)采用节水节能措施合理利用水资源,优化灌溉设施配置;(4)充分合理利用劳动力资源;(5)获得最佳或满意的经济、生态和社会效益。

The Application of Optimized Decision Patterns of Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources to Some Typical Pastoral Areas

Taking dry grassland and desert grassland as examples,We attempt to creat the optimized decision patterns of sustainable utilization of water resources,aimed at soling the problems of water resources shortage in pastoral areas and worsening ecological environment on grasslands.This paper is to optimized two schemes: supplementary raising in the cold season in the way of artificial planting;herding in the warm season together with raising in the fold during the cold season.This paper attempts to solve the following five problems:(1) optimizing the pastureland area in summer and autumn and the pastureland area in winter and spring.(2) Selectingthe better industrial structure and scale of planting industry.(3) Taking some water-saving and energy-saving measures to make rational use of water resources and improve the distribution of irrigation facilities.(4) Making good and rational use of labor forces.(5) Trying to get the best and the most satisfying economic,ecological and social benefits.