设施栽培番茄灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea Pers)发生规律初步研究

为了掌握番茄灰霉病的发生发展规律。通过单体大棚和联体大棚栽培试验,研究大棚温湿度变化、番茄灰霉病发生时间和消长动态,并分析了番茄灰霉病发生与生育期、温湿度和叶花果病情的关系。从3月初至6月中旬,单体大棚和联体大棚湿度变化均呈两谷三峰的趋势,而温度变化表现为跳跃式波动。联体大棚相对湿度较单体大棚变化幅度大,且相对湿度略低。联体大棚温度变化比单体大棚平稳,且略低于单体大棚。早播、中播和晚播番茄的病害初发期分别为4月2日、4月7日和5月7日,中播和晚播番茄的最高病指明显低于早播番茄。番茄移栽越早,发病越早,病情越严重。单体大棚番茄灰霉病发病高峰期在4月底~5月上旬,集中出现在5月初。联体大棚番茄各轮花果灰霉病的发病高峰期在4月中下旬~5月中下旬,集中出现在4月底~5月初。10~15℃中低温和90%以上的相对湿度最利于病害发生。叶病发生情况与花、果病发生无显著相关,而花、果病的发生显著正相关。该研究为建立番茄灰霉病预测模型奠定了基础。

Preliminary Study on the Occurrence Law of Botrytis cinerea Pers in Facility Cultivation

The research aimed to master the occurrence and development laws of Botrytis cinerea Pers.Based on cultivation tests in monomer greenhouse and conjoined greenhouse,changes of temperature and humidity in greenhouse,the occurrence time and dynamic of B.cinerea were studied,and the relations between the occurrence of B.cinerea and growth stage,temperature and humidity,and disease conditions of leaf,flower and fruit were analyzed.From early March to middle June,both the humidity changes in monomer greenhouse and conjoined greenhouse showed a trend of 2 valleys and 3 peak,while temperature change showed jumping fluctuation.Relative humidity in conjoined greenhouse had greater change amplitude and was lower than that in monomer greenhouse.Temperature change in conjoined greenhouse was more stable and slightly lower than that in monomer greenhouse.The incipient disease stages of early sowing,middle sowing and late sowing tomato were April 2nd,April 7th and May 7th respectively.The disease index of middle sowing tomato and late sowing tomato were obviously lower than that of early sowing tomato.The earlier the transplanting time of tomato was,the earlier the time of the disease occurrence was and the heavier the disease conditions were.The peak stage of B.cinerea.in monomer greenhouse was from the end of April to early May,concentrated in the beginning of May.The peak stage of B.cinerea.in conjoined greenhouse was from middle and late April to middle and late May,concentrated from the end of April to the beginning of May.Middle and low temperature of 10～15℃ and relative humidity of more than 90% were most favorable for the occurrence of disease.The occurrence of leaf disease had no significant relation with the occurrence of flower and fruit disease,while the significantly positive relation existed between the occurrence of flower disease and that of fruit disease.The research laid the foundation for the establish ment of the prediction model for B.cinerea.