论民国时期华北小麦生产的发展

华北小麦生产有着悠久的历史。小麦生产是华北农业突出的区域特征，华北也是我国小麦生产的重心地区。民国时期为中国近代史上重要转折阶段，社会经济的各个方面都在发生变化，农业生产也在其中。此期，华北小麦生产正处“由手工或畜力农具向机械化农具，由直接经验向近代科学技术，由自给自足生产向商品化生产转化”的重大转折期。本文试图对这一时期华北小麦生产的正反两方面因素进行分析总结，认为这一时期促进华北小麦生产的主要因素为井灌的推广、麦作改进和小麦的商品性生产，其制约因素则主要为水资源缺乏、生产技术落后以及农业灾害和战争的频发。

On the Development of the Wheat Production in North China during the Republic of China

It has a long history for wheat production in North China.It is the prominent re- gional characteristics in North China Agriculture,which is the key areas for wheat produc- tion.The period of the Republic of China was the important turning pointing in China modern history,the various socio-economic aspects were changing,included the agricultural pro- duction.During that period,northern wheat production was experiencing a major turning point,"form by the manual or animal power tools to mechanized farming tools,and from direct experience to modern science and technology,and from by self-sufficient production to commercial production".This paper attempts to summit and analyze the both positive and negative factors in wheat production in North China.Draw the conclusion that the main fac- tors to promote the wheat production in North China is well irrigation,Improved wheat technology and the Wheat commercial production,while the main constraints is water scarci- ty,the backward production technology,the agricultural disasters and frequent wars.