中国农业文化遗产保护的思考与建议*

随着经济全球化和工业化的深入发展,农业的多功能性日益凸显。农业除提供食品、纤维等商品产出的经济功能外,还具有与农村环境、农村农业景观、农村生存与就业、食品质量卫生、国家粮食安全保障、农村农业文化以及动物福利等非商品产出相关的环境和社会功能。农业文化遗产的形成与农业的多功能性密不可分。农业文化遗产概念的提出为农业多功能保护、促进农业可持续发展等提供了机遇和挑战。目前,国际社会对于农业文化遗产的重视程度不断提高。我国农业文化遗产数量众多,但随着现代化和工业化的发展,农业文化遗产面临各种威胁,我国对农业文化遗产的保护和可持续利用也给予了广泛关注。本文分析了农业文化遗产的概念和我国农业文化遗产的保护和发展现状,探讨了我国农业文化遗产的价值和意义,主要包括传统动植物品种的保护与利用价值、传统农艺的保护与利用价值、传统中兽医技术的保护与利用价值、传统农业民俗的保护与利用价值和传统农业景观的保护与利用价值等。同时基于这些价值分析提出了我国农业文化遗产保护的政策选择与建议。

On the conservation of China's Agri-cultural Heritage Systems

Multi-functionality in agriculture refers to the non-trade benefits of agriculture.In terms of WTO definition,this means benefits other than commerce and food production such as environmental protection,landscape preservation,rural employment,and food security.Due to specific natural conditions and human activities,agri-cultural heritage sites always have fragile ecological en-vironments,rich cultures,undeveloped economies and multi-functionality.This implies that agri-cultural heritage sites have produc-tion,ecological,cultural and other functions.The concept of multi-functionality has triggered discussions on agri-cultural heritage systems in China and abroad.There are not only so lots of agri-cultural heritage systems in China but also long agricultural history,and most of which are under severe pressure of modernization and globalization.To promote sustainable agricultural development,international community has attached greater importance to conservation and utilization of agri-cultural heritages.Based on agri-cultural heritage systems and current state in China,this paper analyzed the value and significance of China’s main agri-cultural heritage and offered policy options for the conservation and utilization of agri-cultural heritage.The values of agri-cultural heritage systems in China were discussed from several aspects,e.g.,conservation and utilization of traditional plants/animals,agri-technology,animal husbandry and medical technology,agri-customs and agri-landscapes.Based on analysis of values and significance,sugges-tions on conserving agri-cultural heritage system in China were proposed.These included: 1) establishment of the concept of "con-servation" followed by the development of principles for dynamic conservation of agri-cultural heritage system;2) strengthening of mechanisms and system building with specific attention on custody of agri-cultural heritage conservation and multi-participation system;3) emphasizing conservation of agri-cultural heritage systems in Socialist New Countryside Construction;4) building incen-tive mechanisms with visible importance of agri-cultural heritage system in harmonious community building;and 5) investing more conservation of agri-cultural heritage systems.All the above policy suggestions would foster the conservation and sustainability of utilization agri-cultural heritage system.