栽培亚麻×野生亚麻种间杂交胚胎发育的研究

为探讨亚麻种间杂交不易亲和的原因并采取相应有效的克服措施,本试验以栽培亚麻和野生亚麻为材料,采用单次授粉、重复授粉和重复授粉+生长调节剂3种杂交技术,通过胚珠整体染色与透明法,结合微分干涉衬显微镜观察,对栽培亚麻×野生亚麻杂交授粉后胚乳及胚的发育进行了较为系统的研究。结果显示:单次授粉多数胚囊内未形成正常的胚乳及胚,重复授粉和重复授粉+生长调节剂处理后胚囊内可形成胚乳及胚,但发育进程比对照(栽培亚麻自交)较为滞后。用生长调节剂处理子房,能刺激子房膨大,延缓子房脱落,有利于形成杂交种子。由此可见,重复授粉+生长调节剂处理是克服亚麻种间杂交不亲和性的有效措施。

Research on embryo development of interspecific hybridization between cultivated flax and wild flax

In order to discuss the reason about interspecific cross-incompatibility of flax and take the effective methods to overcome it,in the experiment,three hybridization techniques of once-pollination,repeat-pollination and repeat-pollination + plant growth regulator were adopted and the development of endosperm and embryo of Linum usitatissimum×Linum perenne were studied by ovule whole stain-clearing technique with the use of differential interference contrast microscope.The results showed that,by once-pollination,the endosperm and embryo were not formed in most embryo sacs,but by repeat-pollination and repeatpollination + plant growth regulators,the endosperm and embryo were discovered in most embryo sacs but their developing process was slower than that of self-pollinationed Linum usitatissimum(ck).The use of plant growth regulators could stimulate the growth and retard the fall of ovary,and was in favor of forming seeds.This shows that repeat-pollination + plant growth regulator is an effective method to overcome interspecific cross-incompatibility of flax.