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Variation in fire interval sequences has minimal effects on species richness and composition in fire-prone landscapes of south-west Western Australia
Authors:Roy S. Wittkuhn  Lachie McCaw  Allan J. Wills  Paul Van Heurck
Affiliation:a Science Division, Department of Environment and Conservation, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia
b Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre, Level 5, 340 Albert St, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
c Science Division, Department of Environment and Conservation, Locked Bag 2, Manjimup, WA 6258, Australia
d CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre, PMB 44 Winnellie, NT 0822, Australia
Abstract:Prescribed burning is used in many fire-prone ecosystems for wildfire mitigation and conservation of biodiversity. However, there is limited information about how biota responds to long-term fire management, especially at a whole-of-community level. We studied community responses to different fire interval sequences resulting from planned and unplanned fires in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems in the Warren bioregion of south-west Western Australia (SWA) to determine the resilience of the biota to contrasting fire regimes. Fire history data were used to identify contrasting fire interval sequences in forest and shrubland communities for the period 1972-2004. We surveyed vascular plants, ants, beetles, vertebrates and macrofungi at 30 sites to investigate community-level responses to consecutive short (SS: ≤5 years), consecutive long (LL: ≥10 years), one very long (VL: 30 years), or mixed/moderate (M: 6-9 years) fire interval(s). All sites had a common time-since-fire of ∼4 years at the commencement of sampling which was conducted over two years. Species richness and composition differed between forest and shrubland communities, but the influence of fire interval sequences on taxonomic groups was minimal and difficult to detect. There was weak evidence of compositional differences between SS and LL/VL regimes for plants, ants, beetles and macrofungi but no difference between these regimes and the intermediate disturbance M-regime. These results demonstrate the resilience of the biota in open forests and shrublands of SWA to contrasting fire interval sequences over the past 30 years. We conclude that occasional short (3-5 years) intervals between fires are unlikely to have a persistent effect on community composition, though maintaining a regime of short or long intervals may alter species composition and/or abundance. We suggest that variability in fire intervals is important for long-term conservation of the biota. For the Warren Region, prescribed burning at an intermediate level of disturbance and incorporating variability in interval length is recommended to achieve the dual objectives of wildfire mitigation and biodiversity conservation.
Keywords:Eucalypt forest   Fire frequency   Fire regime management   Landscape-scale   Prescribed burning   Wildfire
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