毛乌素沙地东南缘蝶类资源调查及区系研究

旨在明确毛乌素沙地东南缘蝶类资源及区系的基本情况,为蝶类资源的保护利用提供基础资料。笔者从2013年6月至2015年9月,对该区域内的蝶类资源进行采样调查,采用周尧等对蝶类的分类系统进行了鉴定,结果表明,毛乌素沙漠南缘共发现蝶类5科38属52种,其中凤蝶科1属3种,弄蝶科4属4种,粉蝶科6属10种,蛱蝶科14属21种,灰蝶科13属14种。毛乌素沙漠东南缘蝶类资源主要分布在灰蝶科和蛱蝶科,主要优势种有斑缘豆粉蝶Colias erate、菜粉蝶Pieris rapae、牧女珍眼蝶Coenonympha amaryllis、中华爱灰蝶Aricia mandschurica和蓝灰蝶Everes argiades。区系研究表明,毛乌素沙地东南缘蝶类主要种类是古北种,有31种,占本区碟类全部种类的59.61%；其次是广布种,有20种,占全部种类的38.47%；毛乌素沙地东南缘蝶类为黄土高原蝶类区系向荒漠半荒漠蝶类区系过渡地带。

Resource and Fauna of Butterflies in the Southeastern Edge of Mu Us Sandy Land

To clarify the basic situation of resource and fauna of butterflies in the southeastern edge of Mu Us sandy land and provide basic data for the conservation and utilization of butterfly resources, butterflies in this area were captured and identified from June to September in 2013, 2014 and 2015. The results showed that there were 52 species belonging to 38 genera in 5 families in the southeastern edge of Mu Us sandy land, including 3 species belonging to 1 genus in Papilionidae, 4 species belonging to 4 genera in Hesperiidae, 10 species belonging to 6 genera in Pieridae, 21 species belonging to 14 genera in Nymphalidae and 14 species belonging to 13 genera in Lycaenidae. Butterfly resources in the southeastern edge of Mu Us sandy land were mainly Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae, and the dominant species were Colias erate, Pieris rapae, Coenonympha amaryllis, Aricia mandschurica and Everes argiades. Fauna distribution showed that the major species in the southeastern edge of Mu Us Sandy Land were Palaearctic species, with 31 species accounting for 59.61% of the total species, followed by widespread species, with 20 species accounting for 38.47% of the total species. The southeastern edge of Mu Us sandy land belonged to transition zone for butterfly fauna from Loess Plateau to desert and semi desert area.