玉米籽粒蛋白质含量的遗传效应及其与产量的关系

用来自5个不同基础群体的14个自选系作母本，不同优势群的5个测验系作父本，采用NC II交配设计配成70个杂交组合，进行了2年3点的田间试验。利用近红外光谱，对亲本及其杂交种的籽粒蛋白质含量进行了分析，同时分析了籽粒产量与蛋白质含量的相关性。结果表明，父、母本及其70个杂交组合间的基因型方差均达到极显著水平；8822和M是蛋白质含量较高的两个基础群体，以之作母本对提高杂交种籽粒的蛋白质含量起主导作用。控制籽粒蛋白质含量的基因以加性效应为主，加性方差占基因型方差的94.29%，但广义遗传力和狭义遗传力相对较低，分别为35.83%和33.94%，说明环境因素对籽粒蛋白含量影响明显。籽粒产量与蛋白质含量相关不显著(r = 0.053)，因此，扩大变异选择范围，实现优良基因聚合，产量和蛋白质含量性状可以同步得到改良。

Inheritance Effect of Protein Content in Maize Kernels and Its Relation to Yield

Fourteen maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines selected from five basic populations were crossed with 5 elite inbred lines from different heterotic groups, and the 70 combinations according to NCII design were evaluated at three locations in 2005 and 2006. The protein content in kernels was analyzed using the Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) method. Among the female populations, male lines, and their hybrids, significant variances on protein content in kernels were observed. Two basic populations of female parents, “8822” and “M”, had higher levels of protein content than other female populations, and they could essentially promote the protein content of their hybrids when they crossed with elite male parents Pb (Mo17) or Pa (Ye 478). The majority (94.29%) of the genotype variance (V_G) for protein content in kernels was from additive variance (V_A). However, the broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability were both in low levels, which were 35.83% and 33.94%, respectively. This indicated that the environmental factors had obvious effects on this trait. The grain yield has no significant correlation with protein content in kernels (r = 0.053, P > 0.05). Therefore, it is feasible to promote the maize yield and protein content in kernels simultaneously through pyramiding elite genes.