荒野的保护和管理

荒野是未受人类影响，并需要永久保留其自然特点的地区。在人口迅速增长、经济高速发展的当今世界，荒野面临越来越大的压力。本文概述了荒野的发展历史和现状；分析了荒野保护与管理中存在的问题；介绍了一些国家采取的对策和措施，以及荒野科研情况。

Protection and Management of Wilderness

Wilderness is an area where is unaffected by human being, and needs to retain permanetly its natural characteristis. Wilderness differes from nature reserve, beacause nature reserve is designed for particular objective. But wilderness includes nature reserve and national park. The United States formally adopted the Wilderness Act in 1964, although administralive began in 1920 s. Wilderness areas exist by legislation in Australia, Canada, Finland, New Zealand, and South Africa; and administratively in Zimbabwe, Sweden, and Kenya. Wilderness is facing with more and more pressure in the world of today where population is growing rapidly, and ecnomic development is at high speed. This paper discusses the history and present situation of wilderness, analyzes problemes on the protection and management of wilderness, introduces policies and measures adopted in wilderness and research of wilderness.