菌渣堆肥处理及其对番茄根结线虫病的防效

以STP-F318番茄为试材,采用单因素随机设计,研究了菌渣发酵过程中营养成分和发酵参数变化的动态,设置不同发酵程度的菌渣(CK:0 d、T1:10 d、T2:20 d、T3:30 d、T4:40 d、T5:50 d)配制成番茄栽培基质(SCK^ST5为V菌渣∶V稻壳∶V牛粪∶V沙子=4∶2∶1∶1),研究其对番茄产量和根结线虫的防治效果,以期为基质栽培番茄提供技术支撑。结果表明:在堆腐的过程中,菌渣pH和EC值变化均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,且以T2处理为最大,分别为8.83、7.25 mS·cm^-1,而有机碳含量呈现下降趋势。脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性均以T5处理最高,分别为15.01、1.06 mg·g^-1,蔗糖酶活性为86.95~112.04 mg·g^-1。速效氮含量以T2处理最高,为1417.91 mg·kg^-1,有效磷和速效钾含量呈上升趋势。ST4处理番茄产量最高,为203802.80 kg·hm^-2,病情指数以ST4处理最低,为0.70,较SCK降低86.46%,防治效果与病情指数的变化趋势相反,各处理间的差异显著。由此,T4处理菌渣的基质配方栽培番茄较为适宜。

Mushroom Dregs Compost and Control of Tomato Root-knot Nematodes

Taking‘STP-F318’as the test material,using the single factor random design,and based on the study of nutritional components and dynamic characteristics of mushroom fermentation,the effects of culture substrate(SCK-ST5 for Vmushroom dregs∶Vrice husk∶Vcattle manure∶Vriver sand=4∶2∶1∶1)with different fermentation degree of mushroom dregs(CK:0 day,T1:10 days,T2:20 days,T3:30 days,T4:40 days,T5:50 days)were studied for evaluating the yield and control of tomato root-knot nematodes,aimed to provide technical support for tomato cultivation in substrate.The results showed the pH and EC value were increased at first and then decreased with the continuation of the fermentation,which reached the maximum under T2 treatment for 8.83,7.25 mS·cm^-1,respectively,while the organic carbon content was gradually decreased in whole.Urease and catalase activities were the highest under T5 treatment(15.01 mg·g^-1 and 1.06 mg·g^-1,respectively),and sucrase activities were 86.95-112.04 mg·g^-1.The available nitrogen content reached the highest under T2 treatment for 1417.91 mg·kg^-1,and the available phosphorus and available potassium contents showed an upward trend.The yield of tomato under ST4 treatment was the highest for 203802.80 kg·hm^-2,and the disease index of root-knot nematode under ST4 treatment was the lowest for 0.70,reduced by 86.46%than SCK,and the control efficacy of root-knot nematode was opposite to that of disease index,which had significant difference among treatments.Thus,the culture substrate of mushroom dregs compost under T4 treatment was suitable for tomato cultivation.