高山十字花科蔬菜害虫种类及垂直分布规律

十字花科蔬菜(大白菜、甘蓝、萝卜等)是湖北省高山蔬菜主栽种类之一,近年来害虫的为害严重影响蔬菜产量及品质。本文采用田间调查、灯光诱集和询问农户相结合的方法,于2011~2015年对湖北省长阳县火烧坪乡和资丘镇不同海拔高度(400、800、1 200、1 600、1 800 m)的十字花科蔬菜害虫种类及分布规律进行了调查。结果显示:湖北长阳高山十字花科蔬菜害虫涉及2个纲7个目28个科54种,严重发生的有16种。高山地区害虫集中于6~9月发生,且随着海拔高度的上升,害虫种类减少;海拔1 200 m以上区域极少发现直翅目害虫,鳞翅目害虫在400~1 800 m海拔区域严重为害,半翅目和鞘翅目害虫主要在400~1 200 m海拔区域为害。

Pest Species and Vertical Distribution in Highland Cruciferous Vegetable

Cruciferous vegetables，including Chinese cabbage，kale，turnip，etc．are major vegetables planted in areas，with high altitude of Hubei Province．Recently，pests have caused serious damages heavily influenced the yield and quality of cruciferous vegetable．This paper carried out investigation from 2011-2015 on the pest species composition and distribution rule of highland cruciferous vegetables，by field survey combined with asking farmers method at experiment sites in Huoshaoping town and Ziqiu town，Changyang County，Hubei province with altitude of 400 m，800 m，1 200 m，1 600 m and 1 800 m，respectly．The results showedthat pests of highland cruciferous vegetable consisted of 52 species of insect pests and 2 species of molluscsand they belonged to 7 orders and 28 families．Among them 16 species were severe pests．Their occurance mainly concentrated from June to etember．We found that the pest species numbers decreased with altitude rising and presented evident vertical distribution．Locusts were rarely discovered in the area above 1 200 m altitude．Lepidoptera pests could cause serious damage in the area between 400-1 800 m altitude．Coleoptera and Heteroptera pests were mainly distributed in the area between 400-1 200 m altitude．