七十五份长荚豇豆品种资源农艺性状的主成分与聚类分析

以75份长荚豇豆品种为试材,采用主成分和聚类分析法,研究了75份长荚豇豆品种的14个农艺性状,以期更好的挖掘利用长荚豇豆种质资源。结果表明:参试的75份长荚豇豆品种荚长、叶片含水率和叶厚3个农艺性状变异系数最小,性状最稳定,而豆荚含水率、667 m²产量、荚肉厚、初花节位、单荚质量、叶绿素含量、小叶长宽比、茎粗、第3节长、荚横茎、百粒种子质量等11个农艺性状变异系数较高,可作为豇豆选育与筛选改良的方向。14个农艺性状的变异系数大小依次为豆荚含水率>667 m²产量>荚肉厚>初花节位>单荚质量>叶绿素含量>小叶长宽比>茎粗>第3节长>荚横径>百粒种子质量>10%>叶片含水率>荚长>叶厚。14个农艺性状可转化为8个主成分,其中特征值前8个主成分累计贡献率为82.41%,能较好代替14个农艺性状来评价75份长荚豇豆品种。75份长荚豇豆材料在欧式距离为11时可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ5类,其中Ⅱ类产量高,适合海南种植,Ⅴ类产量最低,不适合海南种植。

Principal Component and Cluster Analysis for Agronomic Traits of Seventy-five Cowpea Varieties

In order to have a better utilization of the long-podded cowpea germplasm resources,14 agronomic traits of 75 varieties of long-podded cowpea were tested with the methods of main components and cluster analysis.The results showed that among the 75 varieties of long-podded cowpea,the variation of 3 agronomic traits,the coefficient of pod length,the moisture content and thickness of cowpea leaves was the smallest,and these traits were the most stable.Breeding and screening of cowpea could be improved by eleven agronomic traits including water content of pods,tender pod yield of 667 m^2,width of tender pod,node number to initital flowering,tender pod weight,chlorophyll content of leaves,ratio of length to width of leaflets,stem diameter,length of third node,width of tender pod and 100-seed weight with high coefficient of variation.The variation coefficients of 14 agronomic traits were moisture content of pod>tender pod yield of 667 m^2>thickness of tender pod>node number to initial flowering>tender pod weigh>chlorophyll content of leaves>ratio of length ot width of leaflets>stem diameter>length of third node>width of tender pod>100-seed weight>10%>moisture content of leaves>length of tender pod>thickness of cowpea leaves.Eight principal components could better replace by fourteen agronomic traits with cumulative contribution rate of 82.41%.These cowpea varieties could be divided into five categories includingⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴwhen the european distance was 11.The yield of type II was high and suitable for Hainan,while type of V was lowest yield which not suitable for Hainan.