沈阳市城区和郊区银杏春季叶物候变化差异及其成因分析

以沈阳市常见行道树及绿化树种银杏为研究对象,观测研究城区和郊区不同调查地银杏春季叶萌芽期及展叶期的物候差异及变化规律,分析银杏展叶速率与树木株高、胸径和环境因子(空气温度、湿度和臭氧浓度)之间的相关关系,以期阐明城区和郊区银杏春季展叶物候变化差异及影响的主要因素。结果表明:1)城区银杏萌芽期及展叶物候均提前于郊区,其中城区银杏展叶始期普遍比郊区提前4~8 d。2)银杏叶面积越大,单位面积叶干质量越高,萌芽及展叶物候出现越早,展叶速率越大,其中城区青年公园银杏同期叶面积最大(22.21 cm^2),展叶速率最高(0.84 cm^2·d^-1),显著高于郊区沈阳农业大学和辽宁装备学院银杏的叶面积和展叶速率(P<0.05)。3)银杏展叶速率与树木株高、胸径和空气温度呈显著正相关关系,与空气相对湿度和臭氧浓度无显著相关关系。研究发现环境温度、植物株高和胸径是影响植物春季展叶物候的主要因子。该研究结果有助于理解银杏春季展叶物候对区域气候变化的响应与适应规律。

Spring Leaf Phenological Comparison and Its Cause-effect Analysis of Ginkgo biloba in Urban and Suburban Areas of Shenyang City

The common greening treespecies Ginkgo biloba L.in Shenyang was selected as the experimental objects,the leaf budding and unfolding phenology of G.bilobaduring spring in the areas of urban and suburban were observed and compared,the correlations between leaf expansion rate,tree height and diameter at breast height(DBH)of G.biloba,as well environmental factors(air temperature,relative humidity and ozone concentration)were analyzed in order to reveal the spring phenological variation difference and the main affecting factors of Ginkgo biloba L.in different areas of urban and suburban.The results showed that,1)The budding and leafing phenology of G.biloba.in the urban area were earlier than that in suburban;2)The larger the leaf area of G.biloba,the higher the mass per unit area,the earlier the budding and leafing phenology,and the faster the leaf expansion rate,in which G.biloba in the Youth park had the largest leaf area(22.21 cm^2)in the same period and the highest leaf expansion rate(0.84 cm^2·d^-1),which was significantly higher than that in Shenyang Agricultural University and Liaoning Equipment College in the suburban(P<0.05);3)The leaf expansion rate of G.biloba was significantly positively correlated with trees height,DBH and air temperature,respectively,while there was no significant correlation with relative humidity and ozone concentration.The findings showed that the environmental temperature,plant height and DBH were the main affecting factors on the leaf spring phenology.The results of this study were helpful to understandthe characteristics of response and adaptation in spring leaf phenology of G.bilobato regional climate change.