松针凋落物与蚯蚓粪好氧腐解的最佳质量比

以长白山红松林松针凋落物和蚯蚓粪为试材,采用室内培养法,研究二者质量比为10∶0(Ⅰ)、9∶1(Ⅱ)、7∶3(Ⅲ)、5∶5(Ⅳ)、3∶7(Ⅴ)、1∶9(Ⅵ)和0∶10(Ⅶ)时好氧腐解90 d期间pH、养分含量、C/N比、T值、可提取腐殖酸E4/E6、腐殖化指数(CHA/CFA)及发芽指数(GI)的动态变化,筛选二者腐解的最佳质量比。结果表明:与0 d相比,经90 d腐解,各处理pH、P2O5、K2O和总养分含量均有所增加,而N含量增减规律不一。腐解结束时,各处理pH均处于7.06~7.94、总养分含量均大于5%,符合NY525-2012有机肥料农业行业标准;腐解前、后,各处理C/N比由24.4%~26.3%降至14.3%~22.8%,凋落物与蚯蚓粪混合腐解的效果要明显优于二者单独腐解的结果。根据C/N比和T值结果,Ⅲ~Ⅴ处理更有利于腐解;腐解完成时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅵ处理腐殖酸品质均有所改善,其中Ⅳ处理更易促进CFA向CHA的转化,使腐殖化程度增强,Ⅴ处理经再缩合形成的腐殖酸分子结构仍保持原有复杂程度,而Ⅶ处理不利于腐殖质品质的提升;各处理GI值在腐解完成时均可获得提升,由腐解前的4.3%~49.8%增至86.6%~137.6%,达到对植物无毒性的标准。松针凋落物与蚯蚓粪以5∶5质量比混合,好氧腐解效果最佳。

The Optimum Mass Ratio of Pine Needle Litter and Earthworm Excrement in Aerobic Decomposition

Using the pine needle litter from the Pinus koraiensis forest in Changbai mountain and earthworm excrement as raw materials,the indoor aerobic decomposition was adopted to study the dynamic change of pH,nutrient content,C/N ratio,T value,E4/E6 ratio of humic-extracted acid,humification index(CHA/CFA) and germination index(GI) in the treatments with different mass ratios of 10∶0(I),9∶1(II),7∶3(III),5∶5(IV),3∶7(V),1∶9(VI) and 0∶10(VII) in aerobic decomposition for 90 days in order to choose the most reasonable one.The results showed that the pH,P2O5,K2O,and total nutrient content of each treatment were increased compared with 0 day,however,the change in N content was uncertain.After the decomposition,all the pH were in the range of 7.06-7.94,and the total nutrient contents were all more than 5%,which could meet the agricultural standard of organic fertilizer(NY 525-2012);Before and after the decomposition,the C/N ratios were fell from 24.4%-26.3% to 14.3%-22.8%.The decomposing composed of litter and earthworm excrement was significantly better than each of them.According to the results of C/N ratio and T value,IV and V treatments were more helpful to the maturity of compost;After the decomposition,the quality of humic acid from I,II,III,IV,and VI treatments was improved,among which the best effect was IV treatment,promoting the conversion of CFA to CHA and enhancing the degree of humification.The structure of humic acid from the re-condensation reaction still maintained its original state in the V treatment,but the humus quality was not improved in the VII treatment;The GI values of all the treatments could be significantly increased from 4.3%-49.8% to 86.6%-137.6% at the end of decomposition,achieving a non-toxic effect for plant growth.Overall,the best effect was obtained when the mass ratio of pine needles to earthworm feces was 5∶5 in the aerobic decomposition.