Research Advances in Pathogenicity and Detection Techniques of Porcine Kobuvirus

Porcine kobuvirus (PKV) is a member of the newly detected in the genus Kobuvirus, family Picornaviridae in healthy pigs and diarrhea pigs. It may cause diarrhea of pigs and cause significant economic losses to pig industry. At present, the studies find that, PKV is widely distributed in pigs and has been detected in diarrhea and clinically healthy pigs, and the positive rate of the virus varies from 3.9% to 100.0%. A typical porcine kobuvirus virion is 30 nm in diameter, and its genome is 8 120 bp in length and contains a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 2 488 amino acids. The genome organization is typical for picornaviruses:A 5' UTR, a leader (L) protein, structural proteins P1 (VP0, VP3 and VP1), non-structural proteins P2 (2A, 2B and 2C) and P3 (3A, 3B, 3C and 3D), a 3' UTR and a Poly (A) tail. There are 30 amino acid deletions in the 2B coding region of the porcine kobuvirus, VP1 protein is the most frequent variant of the small RNA virus, structural protein, which contains the main epitope, can promote the body to produce neutralizing antibodies. At present, the methods of detecting PKV are reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), TaqMan probe Real-time RT-PCR and reverse transcription-loop mediated amplification (RT-LAMP). In this paper, a brief overview of the taxonomy, epidemiological profile, genome structure, genetic characteristics and detection techniques of PKV was made, so as to provide references for the further study and understand PKV.