复混基质对南疆日光温室番茄根区环境、果实品质及产量的影响

以粗砂、蛭石、菇渣、树叶、锯末为基质材料,不同材料按体积比复配后形成10种复混基质,以粗砂基质为对照,进行"欧曼"品种番茄栽培试验。采用相同尺寸栽培槽填充基质、无土栽培水肥管理及田间整枝管理措施,研究了不同配比基质理化性质、根区温度与根区湿度,及其对番茄果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明:复混处理后基质的容重较CK显著降低,孔隙度较CK显著升高;复混基质能改善根区的温湿环境,不同处理平均温度较CK提高了0.35~1.24℃,平均湿度较CK提高1.86%~13.32%;对比果实产量和品质发现T6与T8处理总体表现最好,果实硬度、单果质量、单株产量、单株结果数、增产率均优于其它处理,维生素C、可溶性蛋白质、有机酸含量也均处于较好水平,综合比较发现T6处理(粗砂∶蛭石∶菇渣∶树叶∶锯末=2.5∶2.5∶1∶2∶2)和T8处理(粗砂∶蛭石∶菇渣∶树叶∶锯末=2.5∶2.5∶1∶1∶3)能为番茄生长提供良好生长环境,并能提高番茄的产量及品质。

Effect of Mixed Matrix on Root Zone Environment,Fruit Quality and Yield of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse in Southern Xinjiang

Coarse sand,vermiculite,mushroom residue,leaves and sawdust were used as matrix materials,10 kinds of complex matrix were formed after different materials were compounded according to volume ratio.The experiment of tomato cultivation of‘Aoman’was carried out with coarse sand matrix as control.The same size cultivation tank was used to fill the substrate,and the management of water and fertilizer in soilless cultivation and field pruning were adopted.The physical and chemical properties,root zone temperature and root zone humidity,and their effect on fruit quality and yield of tomato were studied.Experimental results showed that after remixing,the bulk density and porosity of matrix decreased significantly compared with CK and increased significantly.The mixed matrix could improve the temperature and humidity environment of root area.The average temperature of different treatments increased by 0.35-1.24℃compared with CK,and the average humidity increased by 1.86%-13.32%compared with CK.By comparing the yield and quality of fruits,it was found that T6 and T8 treatment had the best overall performance.The fruit hardness,single fruit weight,yield per plant,yield per plant and yield increase rate were all better than other treatments.Vitamin C content,soluble protein content,organic acid content were also at a good level,by comprehensive comparison,it was found that T6 treatment(coarse sand∶vermiculite∶mushroom residue∶leaves∶sawdust=2.5∶2.5∶1∶2∶2)and T8 treatment(coarse sand∶vermiculite∶mushroom residue∶leaves∶sawdust=2.5∶2.5∶1∶1∶3)could provide a good growth environment for tomato growth.And could improve the yield and quality of tomato.