面向农村微能网的评价指标构建及应用

为了客观的评价农村微能网规划结果的优缺点,该研究建立农村微能网的规划评价指标体系,该评价指标体系包含可靠性、经济性、环保性和效益性4个一级指标、7个二级指标和14个三级指标。首先运用熵权法对农村微能网各规划方案进行客观评价,得到各规划方案的客观评价值,然后根据项目所在地的环境条件、项目资金情况和项目投资方需求不同,运用专家评价法建立专家评价指标权重表,将熵权法与专家评价法相结合,得到适合微能网项目实际开发需要的评价指标的权重分布,优选出适合项目投资方的微能网规划方案。算例结果表明,采用熵权法得到农村微能网3个规划方案的客观评价值分别为1.32、1.14和2.47,得到具有供能装置、能量转换装置和冷-热-电多形式储能装置的方案3为农村微能网最优规划方案。采用专家评价法与熵权法相结合的主客观评价方法对农村微能网规划方案进行综合评价,如果侧重关注环保性指标,则未规划储能装置的方案2为最优选择,如果侧重关注可靠性、效益性和经济性指标,则具有供能装置、能量转换装置和冷-热-电多形式储能装置的方案3是最优选择,证明了该研究所构建的微能网评价体系可以对微能网规划方案实现有效评价,为微能网的建设规划提供有益的参考。

Construction and application of evaluation indexes for ruralmicro-energy-grid

The rural micro-energy-grid with electricity-heating-cooling-gas was a hot issue in the field of energy. Most researches have been done on the modeling, planning and operation of micro-energy-grid. But the planning evaluation system of rural micro-energy-grid is still lacking. To evaluate the planning performance on rural micro-energy-grid, the planning evaluation system of rural micro-energy-grid was established in this study. The planning evaluation system contained four primary indicators, seven secondary indicators and fourteen tertiary indicators. Specifically, the four primary indicators were the reliability, economics, environmental protection and benefit. The seven secondary indicators were the electrical reliability,heat and cool reliability, system economics, environmental protection of energy-supply equipment, environmental protection of energy-storage equipment, stable benefit, environmental benefit. The fourteen tertiary indicators were the electrical deficiency rate, heat deficiency rate, cool deficiency rate, initial investment cost, maintenance cost, ratio of price to available life on the equipment, pollutant emission, installation rate of renewable energy, installation rate of heating-cooling-electricity for supply unit, replacement cycle rate of battery storage, replacement cycle rate of cool storage, replacement cycle rate of heat storage, electrical power exchange cost with distribution network, environmental pollution penalty cost. The formula of each indicator were given for these 25 parameters. The weightof each evaluation indicator was solved using an entropy method,indicating a flow chart for theimplementation. The weight distributions of these indicators were obtainedin the micro-energygrid, representing the evaluation value of each planning scheme. In the actual planning process of a project, it was usually focused on small parts of the indicators, depending onthe environmental condition, funding and the needs of the project. It was not possible to select the whole planning scheme fully complying with these 25 indicators in the actual evaluation. Therefore,an expert evaluation method was also establish to show the weight table of expert evaluation indicators. The new weight/values of the different indicators in the planning schemes were obtainedcombining the entropy and the expert evaluation method, as well the new evaluation values of the whole planning schemes on the rural micro-energy-grid. Three planning schemes of a village in the western China were selected as a case study to verify the proposed planning indicators in this paper. The loading data of the heating-cooling-electricity in four seasons was given before the simulation, as well the time-ofuse electrical price and equipment parameters of the rural micro-energy-grid. The results showed that the evaluation values of the scheme 1, 2 and 3 were 1.32, 1.14 and 2.47, respectively, according to entropy method. In the scheme 2, there was the minimums in the installed rate of renewable energy and heating-cooling-electricity supply unit, whereas in the scheme 3, the maximums considering all the evaluation indicators werethe reliability, economics, environmental protection and benefit.Therefore, the expert system 1, 2, 3 and 4 focused on the reliability, economics, environmental protection and benefit,respectively. The whole planning schemes of the rural micro-energy-grid were also re-evaluated by combining the method of expert evaluation and entropy. The comprehensive evaluation value of scheme 2 has the highest valuebecause the expert system 3 focused on the environmental protection indicators. In experts 1, 2 and 4, the comprehensive evaluation value of scheme 3 has the highest value. If the project need is the reliability, economics and benefit, scheme 3 can be the best choice.The findingsdemonstrated that the proposedevaluation system can efficiently evaluate the planning scheme of the microenergy-grid, and provide aninsightful applied guidance for the construction and planning of micro-energy-grid inrural areas.