47份外引小麦种质中矮秆基因的检测及其降秆效应分析

为有效利用外引小麦种质资源,明确矮秆基因的组成分布和降秆效应,利用8个矮秆基因( Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b、 Rht4、 Rht5、 Rht8、 Rht9、 Rht12、 Rht13)的特异性分子标记分别对47份外引种质矮秆基因进行分子检测。结果表明,有46份种质含有矮秆基因,其中, Rht-B1b、 Rht4和 Rht12基因的频率最高,均为40.43%,其余依次为 Rht8(31.91%)、 Rht-D1b和 Rht13(均为19.15%)、 Rht5(8.51%)、 Rht9(6.38%)。有10份小麦种质含有单个矮秆基因,占21.28%;有36份小麦种质含有2个及以上矮秆基因,占76.60%,其中有11份含有3个矮秆基因,有2份含有4个矮秆基因。单个矮秆基因降秆效应以 Rht5最强,为31.78%,含有 Rht5的小麦材料平均株高为86.65cm。含有优良矮秆基因 Rht9、 Rht12和 Rht13的小麦材料平均株高分别为101.07 cm、92.87 cm和92.75 cm,其中, Rht9在8个矮秆基因中降秆效应最弱。

Detection of Dwarf Genes and Analysis of Their Height Reduction Effect in 47 Introduced Wheat Germplasms

In order to effectively utilize the introduced wheat germplasm resources, clarify the composition and distribution of dwarfing genes and determine the effect of height reduction, molecular detection of dwarfing genes was carried out in 47 wheat germplasms introduced from Chile, the United States, Mexico and Australia using eight specific molecular markers associated with dwarf genes Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht4, Rht5, Rht8, Rht9, Rht12 and Rht13. The results showed that 46 of the 47 wheat germplasms have dwarf genes, among which Rht-B1b, Rht4 and Rht12 had the highest frequencies (40.43%each), followed by Rht8(31.91%), Rht-D1b and Rht13(19.15% each), Rht5 (8.51%), and Rht9(6.38%). There were 10 germplasms with single dwarf gene, accounting for 21.28%; 36 germplasms with two or more dwarf genes, accounting for 76.60%. Among them, 11 germplasms contain 3 dwarf genes and 2 germplasms contain 4 dwarf genes. In the germplasm population, Rht5 had the highest effect on height reduction, with an average plant height of 86.65 cm in all the wheats carrying Rht5. The average plant height of wheat with desirable gene Rht9, Rht12 and Rht13 was 101.07 cm,92.87 cm and 92.75 cm, respectively,and Rht9 had the weakest effect in 8 dwarf genes.