小麦矮秆基因 Rht-B1b和 Rht-D1b的检测及其验证

为研究矮秆基因 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1b在小麦品种中的分布及其对株高的影响，以3个小麦群体（中国冬麦区白粒小麦品种、中国小麦历史品种、春小麦育种材料）共321份小麦品种为材料，检测矮秆基因 Rht-B1b和 Rht-D1b的分布频率，并分析比较它们对春小麦育种材料株高的影响。结果表明，在检测的321份材料中，共有193份材料含有 Rht-B1b矮秆基因，分布频率为60.1%，其中，中国冬麦区白粒小麦品种、中国小麦历史品种、春小麦育种材料中含有 Rht-B1b矮秆基因的材料分别有29、77和87份，分布频率分别为 34.5%、72.6%和66.4%；共有135份材料含有 Rht-D1b矮秆基因，分布频率为42.1%，其中，中国冬麦区白粒小麦品种、中国小麦历史品种、春小麦育种材料中含有 Rht-D1b 矮秆基因的材料分别有41、21和73份，分布频率分别为48.8%、19.8%和55.7%；共有78份材料同时含有 Rht-B1b和 Rht-D1b矮秆基因，分布频率为 24.3%，其中，中国冬麦区白粒小麦品种、中国小麦历史品种、春小麦育种材料中同时含有 Rht-B1b和 Rht-D1b矮秆基因的材料分别有15、17和46份，分布频率分别为17.6%、15.9%和35.1%。对已被鉴定株高表型的91份春小麦育种材料进一步分析发现，同时携带 Rht-B1b和 Rht-D1b矮秆基因的材料株高较低。

Molecular Detection and Verification of Dwarfing Gene Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b in Wheat

In order to study the distribution of dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b in wheat and their effects on plant height,we detected the distribution of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b genes in 321 wheat varieties from three populations(white-grain wheat cultivars in China winter wheat areas,historical wheat cultivars and natural spring wheat population), and analyzed the effect of dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b on plant height of spring wheat breeding materials.The results showed that among 321 materials,193 materials contained Rht-B1b gene with the frequency of 60.1%, and among them there are 29,77 and 87 materials contained Rht-B1b gene in white-grain wheat cultivars from China winter wheat areas,historical wheat cultivars and spring wheat breeding materials,with the frequency of 34.5%,72.6% and 66.4%, respectively; 135 materials contained Rht-D1b gene with the frequency of 42.1%, and among them there are 41, 21 and 73 materials contained Rht-D1b gene in white-grain wheat cultivars from China winter wheat areas,historical wheat cultivars and spring wheat breeding materials, with the frequency of 48.8%, 19.8% and 55.7%,respectively. In addition, 78 of the 321 materials contained both Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b genes with the frequency of 24.3%, and among them there are 15, 17 and 46 materials contained Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b genotype in white-grain wheat cultivars from China winter wheat areas,historical wheat cultivars and spring wheat breeding materials, with the frequency of 17.6%, 15.9% and 35.1%, respectively. Further analysis found that materials with both Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b genes have lower plant heights among the 91 materials with plant height data.