不同肥膜组合对马铃薯生长性状、产量及水分利用效率的影响

以青薯9号原种为材料,研究3种施肥量(不施肥(N)、农民习惯施肥(H)、配方肥(P))和3种覆膜类型(不覆膜(F)、黑膜(B)、渗水地膜(S))下不同肥膜组合对马铃薯生长性状、产量及水分利用率的影响.结果表明:不同肥膜组合对马铃薯株高、茎粗和干物质累积量影响不同,配方肥处理较不施肥与农民习惯施肥株高分别提高了 22.2％和11.8％,茎粗提高了 31.0％和13.7％;黑膜与渗水地膜较无膜处理株高显著提高12.0 cm;配方肥较不施肥时全株和块茎干物质累积分别显著提高2 492.37和2 191.46 kg·hm-2.配方肥较不施肥与农民施肥产量分别提高20.9％和10.8％,黑膜与渗水地膜较无膜产量分别增产6 080.9和5 101.1 kg·hm-2.黑膜与渗水膜较无膜水分利用率分别提高14.5％和18.6％,施肥与覆膜二者交互作用下以配方肥+黑膜和配方肥+渗水膜处理水分利用效率最高,达82.07和80.42 kg·hm-2·mm-1.因此,配方肥+黑膜或配方肥+渗水膜能显著促进马铃薯生长、产量及水分利用率的提高,可作为一个宁南山区马铃薯推荐种植方式.

Effects of different fertilizer and film combinations on potato growth properties, yield and water use efficiency

To explore the effects of different combinations of types of fertilizer and film on the parameters of growth characteristics, production and water use efficiency of potatoes, an experiment with Qingshu 9 seeds was conducted with three fertilization levels: no fertilizer (N), farmers customary fertilization (H) and formula fertilizer (P), along with three types of film: no film (F), black film (B) and water-permeable film (S). The results showed that there were significant differences in plant height, stem diameter and dry matter accumulation among different combinations of fertilization and film. Compared to the treatment with no fertilizer and the treatment with farmers'' customary fertilization, plant height increased by 22.2% and 11.8% , and stem diameter increased by 31.0% and 13.7% respectively under formula fertilizer treatment. The plant height under the black film and permeable film treatments significantly increased by 12.0 cm compared with that of no film treatment. Compared to the treatment with no fertilizer, formula fertilizer application increased the dry matter accumulation of whole plant and tuber by 2492.37 and 2 191.46 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The yield under the formula fertilizer treatment was 20.9% and 10.8% higher than with the no fertilizer and farmers'' customary fertilization treatments. Compared to the treatment with no film, the yield of black film and water-permeable film increased by 6 080.9 and 5 101.1 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The water use efficiency under black film and water-permeable film treatments was 14.5% and 18.6% higher than that of no-film, respectively. Evaluating the simultaneous use of fertilizer and film, the water use efficiency of the combinations formula fertilizer + black film and formula fertilizer + water-permeable film were the highest, reaching 82.07 and 80.42 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1 respectively. Thus, formula fertilizer + black film or formula fertilizer + water-permeable film can significantly promote potato growth, yield and water use efficiency, and is recommended as an effective planting method