重庆市四面山人工林土壤持水与入渗特性

通过土壤持水量和水分入渗速率的测定,对重庆市四面山4种人工林(杉木×马尾松针叶林、石栎×木荷×香樟×枫香阔叶林、石栎×木荷阔叶林、杉木×马尾松×木荷针阔林)土壤层的水文特征进行分析评价.结果表明,针阔混交林土壤饱和持水量最高,为314.98 mm;阔叶林其次,为301.26 mm与290.26 mm;针叶林最小,为237.94 mm.分别较荒地高44.93%,38.61%,33.72%和9.48%.石栎×木荷阔叶林土壤水分入渗速率最快,初渗速率为25.35 mm/min,稳渗速率为3.97 mm/min,平均入渗速率为5.48 m/min.灰关联评价结果显示,该区两种阔叶混交林均具调蓄涵养最大日降雨的能力,石栎×木荷×香樟×枫香阔叶林改良土壤持水性能效果显著,石栎×木荷阔叶林土壤水分入渗能力有明显提高.

Soil Water Holding Capacities and Infiltration Characteristics of Typical Plantations in Simian Mountain of Chongqing Municipality

Soil water holding and infiltration parameters were measured in the research on soil hydrological processes for four different plantations,which wereCunninghamialanceolata×Pinusmassoniana,Lithocarpusglaber×Schimasuperba×Cinnamomumcamphora×Liquidambarformosana,Lithocarpusglaber×Schimasuperba,andCunninghamialanceolata×Pinusmassoniana×Schimasuperba,in Simian mountain of Chongqing City.Results indicated that the saturated soil water holding capacity in mixed broadleaf conifer forest was the maximum of 314.98 mm;broadleaf forests,301.26 mm and 290.26 mm;and coniferous forest,the minimum of 237.94 mm.The values were 44.93%,38.61%,33.72%,and 9.48%higher than those in barren land,respectively.Soil infiltration rate inLithocarpusglaber×Schimasuperbabroadleaf forest was maximum,with the initial rate of 25.35 mm/ min,the stable rate of 3.97 mm/ min,and the averaged rate of 5.48 mm/ min.The grey relational grade analysis indicates that the two different mixed broadleaf forests are able to adjust and conserve maximal daily rainfall.Broadleaf forest mixed by Lithocarpusglaber×Schimasuperba×Cinnamomumcamphora×Liquidambarformsana has excellent soil water holding capability,while broadleaf forest mixed byLithocarpusglaber×Schimasuperbahas strong soil infiltration efficiency.