南洞庭湖湿地生态系统结构、功能与可持续研究

洞庭湖是我国著名的淡水湖泊湿地，也是世界上唯一的由3个国际重要湿地组成的湖泊。文章分析了南洞庭湖湿地的形成原因及演替规律，研究了其生态系统结构特征，评价了动物栖息地、植物基因库、生态改善、湿地生产、科教基地、旅游度假等湿地功能，指出其面临的主要问题是湖泊面积缩小、湿地功能衰退、动物种群衰减、资源利用率低、环境污染加剧，提出扩大湖泊面积、重视湿地资源保护、加强自然保护区建设、发展湿地生态农业、加快湿地污染治理的南洞庭湖湿地生态系统可持续发展途径。

Study on the Structure, Function and Sustainability of the South Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem

Dongting Lake is a famous freshwater lake wetland in China,and is also only a lake in the world,which consists of three Ramsar Sites of international importance.As Dongting Lake's most important component,South Dongting Lake Wetland has particular ecological values in world wetland involvement.This paper analyzed the formation reason,involvement regularity,studied the ecosystem structure characteristics of South Dongting Lake Wetland,evaluated its important functions such as the animal habitat,plants gene pool,ecological improvement,wetland production,base of the research & education,tourism & holidays.In addition,the authors pointed out the existing problems in protection and exploitation of South Dongting Lake Wetland,namely the lake area & function declination,attenuation of the wild biology species,low efficiency of wetland resource utilization,serious environment pollution.At last,we proposed the sustainable development approach of South Dongting Lake,which is enlarging lake area,stressing wetland resource protection,enhancing construction of the nature reserve,establishing high efficiency eco-agriculture,and controlling pollution.