北疆灌耕灰漠土施钾对棉花钾素营养生理和产量的影响

 选择新疆北疆棉区具有代表性的灌耕灰漠土，采用透射电镜显微技术和常规分析方法，对棉花的钾素营养和钾肥肥效进行了研究。结果表明，施钾可提高棉花冠层功能叶的气孔导度，改善棉花生长中后期功能叶的叶绿体超微结构，使基粒片层数量多且排列整齐致密，而不施钾会导致棉花功能叶片叶绿体过早解体。施钾显著提高了棉花的含钾量，叶和铃壳中钾含量比对照分别增加了13.3%和6.3%。施钾可使果枝数增加11.8%，显著提高皮棉产量，但对纤维品质无明显作用。

Effects of K Application on Cotton Nutritional Physiology and Yield on Calcaric Fluvisals Soil

Using transmission electron micrographs technique and conventional analysis approach, field and pot experiments were carried out to evaluate effects of K fertilizer on cotton nutritional physiology and yield in Calcaric Fluvisals soil in Xinjiang. The results showed that application of K fertilizer significantly increased cotton leaf stomatal conductance, and improved leaf chloroplast ultra-structure of in mid and late cotton plant growth stage. The stroma and grana lamellae chloroplasts are regular and compact under of K application treatment, whereas,  chloroplasts was loose and disorganized at early cotton growth stage under the control treatment. K application obviously enhanced cotton tissue potassium content i.e. K content, in leaf and boll shell enhanced 13.3% and 6.3%, respectively. The boll number were 7.4 and 6.6 per plant, respectively, with both treatments of N₃₀₀P₁₅₀K₁₅₀ and control.  Fruiting branch number of the treatment of K application was 11.8% higher than control. Cotton lint yield were 2284 kg·hm^-2 and 2090 kg·hm^-2, respectively, under treatments of N₃₀₀P₁₅₀K₁₅₀ and control, through K fertilizer application can significant enhance lint yield. However, there has no obvious effect of K fertilization on fiber qualities.