~(14)C-杀草丹从慢释配方剂中的释放及其对稻鱼生态系的影响(英文)

~(14)C-杀草丹能从藻朊酸盐缓释剂释放到去离子水、重组水及稻田土-水中。释放速度受水的类型及缓释配方组成的影响。杀草丹从两种缓释配方的释放速度都依重组水、去离子水、稻田土-水顺序递减;在每种处理中,杀草丹从缓释剂-B中释放的速度都比从缓释剂-S中释放的慢,且从稻田土-水中回收到的~(14)C都最低。释放出的~(14)C杀草丹能有效的防治杂草,并会污染水,被植株和鱼吸收及被土壤吸附,在收获时,水中仅检出0.05ppm杀草丹。在植株中,~(14)C-残留物按根、茎、壳、糙米顺序减少,且大部分呈结合态。在两品种水稻的糙米小,~(14)C-可提态残留物分别为0.13和0.11ppm。在土壤中,大部分~(14)C-杀草丹持留在上层,且呈结合态。在两种鱼体中,~(14)C-残留物都依内脏、鳞、骨、肉顺序递减,吸收的~(14)C-杀草丹量受鱼品种和大小影响。

THE RELEASE OF ~(14)C-BENTHIOCARB FROM CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS AND ITS AFFECTION ON RICE-FISH ECOSYSTEM

14C-benthiocarb could be released from the control'led-release formulation (CRF) into the deionized water (DIW),reconstituted water (RCW) and paddy soil-water (PSW).The release rate was affected by the water type as well as by the composition of the CRF.The release rate from two kinds of formulations always fell in order of the RCW,DIW and PSW.The release rate from the CRF-B was slower than that from the CRF-S.The released 14C-benthiocarb could be adsorbed by soil,rice plants and fish.Only 0.05 ppm of 14C-benthocarb were detected in water at harvest.14C-residues in plants decreased in order of roots,shoots,husk and cargo rice,and most of 14C-residues were in bound form.In cargo rice of I and II varieties,extractable 14C-residues were 0.13 and 0.11 ppm respectively.In soil,most of 14C-benthiocarb appeared in upper layer and most of them,were unextractable.In two kinds of fish,the concentration of 14C-residues declined in order of intestines,scales,bones and muscles.The uptake of 14C-benthiocarb was influenced by the species of fish and its size.