大麻的实验分类学研究

本文对16省市27地县采集的300多份大麻腊叶标本进行了观察研究；对新疆、甘肃、内蒙、河北、北京、山东和云南等地的栽培、野生和逸生大麻进行了调查研究和采集，并考察其习性、生态等，统一条件下栽培、杂交，对大麻在我国的实际分布、生态习性等得到一定的认识：大麻无论栽培、野生或逸生，均为一年生或多年生直立草本植物，雌雄异株，罕同株。植株高矮、茎分枝多少、节间长短、叶的着生方式、叶的形状、叶的大小、花序紧密程度、果实形状和大小以及苞片形状等都有一定程度的变异，但植物形态基本相似，通常栽培大麻植株高大，果实较大，野生植株矮小，果实也较小。野生或逸生大麻成片生长或雌雄相伴散生，雄株散粉后即枯死，雌株至霜期冻死。得出初步结论：大麻属只有一个种(cannabis sativa L.)，其下分为两个变型，即C.sativa f.sativa是栽培型，C．sativa f。indica Clam．C．Y．Cheng et．H．Yang．stat．nov．是野生型。

A Preliminary Systematic Study on Cannabis sativa L.

More than300Cannabis habitats,cultivated and wild,from in27counties16provinces had been collected and identified.In order to further understand the variations influ-enced by inheritance and environment,sample plants from in27counties16provinces were seed-ed in the medicine garden of Beijing University under the unified circumstances.Eleven inter-crosses from different populations and9self-cross were conducted.Phenological phase and bio-logical characters were recorded.C.sativa L.was believed to be the monotypic species of the genus.Under the species grade,two forms were suggested.They were C.sativa f.sativa,which was cul-tivated with tall strong plant body and bigger fruits and C.sativa f.indica(Lam.)C.Y.Cheng et Y.H.Yang stat.nov.,which was wild with dwarf thin plant body and smaller fruits.