免耕、覆盖、深松配套技术及耕作模式的研究(之五)——耕作模式的建立

按照本研究之二确定的试验设计和研究方法，在研究探讨了不同处理对土壤水分、盐分、物理性状、夏玉米生长发育和产量状况影响的基础上，经实践和不断总结完善，初步建立了试验条件下以免耕、覆盖、深松为主体的节水雨养农业耕作模式，即冬小麦—夏玉米一年两作条件下，夏玉米一茬采取收获小麦时留茬覆盖→玉米免耕播种→化学控制（杂草及病虫害）→灌抗旱蒙头水→苗期深松→拔节孕穗期追肥→大喇叭口防治玉米螟七道作业程序。其核心技术是免耕、覆盖、化控、深松。该模式运作应注意对不同小麦产量地块、免耕播种机械、深松时机选择等问题，并应特别注意以防除杂草为重点的有效化控措施的实施。

Study on the Coordinative Techniques of Notillage,Mulch,\=Deep Loosening and the Farming Mode (Part Five)\= Establishment of the Farming Mode

Using the same experiment design and studying methods as Part two,based on studying and investigating the effects of various treatments on soil water, soil salt,physical characters and summer corn development and yield,through practising and constantly summarizing and improving,the watersaving and rainfed farming mode which emphasizes on notillage,mulch,deep loosening was preliminarily established under the experiment conditions. Under the cropping system of winter wheatsummer corn,that is, two crops per year,the mode includes the following seven steps:leaving wheat stalk when harvestingcorn seed sowing of notillagechemical control (weeds,diseases and insects)irrigating for resisting drought at germination stagedeep loosening at seedling stagetopdressing fertilizers at jointing and booting stagepreventing and controlling corn borer at large trumpet stage,in which notillage,mulch,chemical control and deep loosening are the core techniques. When implementing the mode,attentions should be paid to selecting different wheatyielding field,notillage sowing machines and time of deep loosening,especially to carrying out efficient chemical controls emphasizing on prevention and elimination of weeds.