硬粒小麦×普通小麦杂种发育的胚胎学观察

 观察了硬粒小麦×普通小麦的受精和杂种发育情况，并与已报道的同一杂交组合而以普通小麦为母本时的观察结果进行了比较。发现普通小麦与硬粒小麦在正交或反交情况下，均具有良好的可交配性，多数情况下双受精过程是正常的。杂种胚的发育进程在正交或反交时基本上也是一致的，即一般在人工授粉后24小时，可发育成为具有2个细胞的原胚。此后，原胚的发育和胚分化进程较亲本自交时胚的发育进程有所延缓。另外发现，当硬粒小麦×普通小麦时，在人工授粉后第3天，杂种胚乳核的行为表现较为异常。因此，在远缘杂交中对杂种胚乳核的活动和发育情况进行分析时，应将母本中央细胞极核所具有的特定染色体组和染色体数目加以考虑。

AN EMBRYOLOGICAL OBSERVATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRIDS BETWEEN TRITICUM DURUM DESF.AND TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.

The development process of hybrids between T. durum and T. aestivum was observed, and it was compared with their reciprocal cross, that had been reported. It was found that the crossability between these two species is quite good. When durum was used as the female parent in crossing with common wheat, the double fertilization was also normal in most cases, and the progress of the development of hybrid embryo was similar to that of their reciprocal, i.e. about 24 hours after artificial pollination, the hybrid embryo had developed into 2-cells stage. After that, the development of proembryo and the differentiation of embryo were somewhat slowed down, as compared with the common wheat and durum when they were selfed. In addition, when durum was used as female parent, the behaviour of hybrid endosperm nuclei was observed to be somewhat abnormal.It seems that, when the state of the development of endosperm in distant hybridization should be considered, the chromosome complement and chromosome number of central cell in embryo sac is worth our attention.