掌握草原害鼠数量变动规律开展综合防治

草原鼠害已成为影响畜牧业发展的主要灾害之一,控制鼠害的主要途径是研究主要害鼠生态及种群数量变动规律,从而进行综合防治。害鼠数量消长经过低谷—上升—高峰—下降—低谷四个期。黑线仓鼠、长爪沙鼠,布氏田鼠的数量变动一般低谷期10年以上,上升期1～2年,高峰期1～2年,下降期1～2年。掌握鼠的数量变动规律,建立预测公式,开展预测预报,在鼠数量上升期选用抗凝血杀鼠剂把鼠密度控制在危害阈值之下;对退化草场采取多种措施如禁牧、围栏、封育等使草场恢复生产力,对未退化的草场制定合理载畜量防止过牧,不给鼠类提供适宜的栖息环境;保护鼠类天敌等措施进行综合防治,把害鼠密度长期控制在不危害的程度,实现草地可持续发展。

The Grasping on the Law of Population Dynamics of Rodents and Carrying out the Integrated Control measures

.The rodent pest on the grassland was one of important disasters affecting animal husbandry. The rodent pest on the grassland is formed by the grassland degeneration.The grassland degeneration was appropriate conditions for the dwelling and breeding of rodents.The population number of Cricetulus barabensis,Meriones unguiculatus and Microtus brandti underwent a cycle of"Steady-increase-peak-decrease-steady".Its damage to pasture taked on the stages of"increase","peak"and the first year of"decrease".The grasping on the population dynamics of rodents were critical for the prediction of rodent numbers.A whole set of integrated control approach was included,to enact the controlling aim,to control rodents by chemical poisons,to control rodents by ecology,to protect natural enemies for rodents and to carry out prediction numbers of rodents.