家具制造作业体力负荷对认知能力的影响

近年来家具信息化制造水平显著提升,但由于不同类型和规模的家具企业自动化程度有所差异,绝大部分工人生产作业仍普遍采用体力和脑力劳动并存的作业模式,这势必会导致工人的体力与脑力双重疲劳。作业疲劳不仅会引发职业健康风险,还会严重影响作业绩效,甚至导致重大人因失误。在作业疲劳研究中,工人脑力疲劳的研究成为重点,而认知能力是衡量脑力疲劳的关键性指标。为了探究家具数控岗位工人的体力作业负荷强度对认知绩效和认知心理的影响,本研究采用人体工程学的研究方法,先对16名健康大学生进行体力疲劳诱发实验,再进行心算测试,同时监测其心率变异性和行为学指标的变化,从而研究认知能力的作用规律。结果表明:在低强度下,被试的认知绩效、唤醒程度和紧张情绪较低,认知能力有所抑制;中高强度下认知绩效与认知紧张情绪都有所增强。因此,采用心率手环等监控设备将工人的体力负荷控制在中高强度内,并配合适当的排班与岗位轮换制度,可以维持较好的认知绩效水平,保持良好的情绪与心理状态。本研究旨在为现代家具制造作业设计提供科学的理论依据,从而实现降低职业健康风险、提高作业绩效的应用价值。

Effect of physical load on cognitive ability in furniture manufacturing

In recent years,the level of furniture information manufacturing has improved significantly,and a large amount of advanced manufacturing equipment has been developed. However,due to the variance in automation degrees in different types/sizes of furniture companies,most workers need to complete manual operations such as manual handling,interface operation,and other mental operations. Production operations generally use a mode of operation that presents the coexistence of physical and mental work,which could inevitably lead to dual fatigue of workers’ physical and mental efforts. Work fatigue not only causes occupational health risks,but also seriously affect work performance,even leading to major human errors. With the improvement of the information level of furniture manufacturing,in the study of work fatigue,the research on mental fatigue of workers has become the focus,and cognitive ability is the key index to measure mental fatigue. In order to explore the influence of the intensity of physical work load on the cognitive performance and cognitive psychology of workers in furniture numerical control positions,this study used ergonomic research methods to initially conduct physical fatigue induction experiments on16 healthy college students before conducting mental arithmetic tests and monitoring their heart rate variabilities and behavioral indicator changes to investigate the role of the cognitive ability. The results showed that,under the lowintensity physical load,the subjects’ mental arithmetic test had a low accuracy rate,at the same time,the degree of arousal and nervousness were also low,and the cognitive ability was suppressed. Under moderate and high intensity physical loads,the accuracy of the students’ mental arithmetic test and cognitive tension were enhanced. Therefore,the heart rate monitoring equipment such as heart rate bracelets can be used to control the worker’s physical load within medium-and high-intensity physical loads,and with the appropriate scheduling and job rotation system,which can maintain a good level of cognitive performance and maintain good emotional and psychological status of workers. This research is aimed at providing a scientific theoretical basis for the design of modern furniture manufacturing operations,so as to achieve the application value of reducing occupational health risks and improving operational performance in the furniture production.