中国玉米抗病育种的若干问题及其解决途径

我国玉米生产中的主要病害有大斑病、小斑病、丝黑穗病、茎腐病和矮花叶病。研究结果表明:玉米对上述病害的抗性,主要表现为受多基因控制的水平抗性。不同玉米材料,抗病性有明显差别。F_1的抗病性,倾向抗病亲本或比亲本的平均病级低。实践证明,采用轮回选择法和利用多细胞质杂交种是行之有效的玉米抗病育种途径。

Some Problems in Disease-Resistance Breeding For Maize in China and Their Resolution

The major maize diseases of economic importance in China at present are Helminthosporium turd cum, H. maydis, Sphacelotheca reiliana, Fusarium graminearium and MDMV.Results showed that the resistance of maize to these diseabes was mostly of the horizontal type. Among maize inbred lines and their hybrids, there existed significant differences in the levels of disease resistance. The disease resistance of F, progeny was either similar to that of its resistant parents or better than the average of its parents.Recurrent selection and use of multicytoplasm hybrids practicaly proved to be an efficient approach to increase disease resistance.