新疆乌鲁木齐南山八一林场地衣生态地理学特征

采用显色反应(CT)、微量结晶 (MCT)和薄层色谱 (TLC)等方法，分析乌鲁木齐南山八一林场地衣的物种组成及生态地理特征。结果表明：乌鲁木齐南山八一林场地衣资源较为丰富，共有7目、23科、51属、114种、9变型、9变种。含5种以上的大科共有7个，占总科数的30.43%，分别包括本地区50.98%的属和68.42%的种。地衣的地理成分可划分为12类， 包括欧亚-北美成分(39.47%) 、北半球广布成分(13.16%) 、中国特有成分(12.28%)和世界广布成分(10.53%)。该地区地衣种类与北美、欧洲等地在地衣区系上有一定的相似性，并具有明显的中国特有种类。

Study on Eco-geographical Characteristics of Lichens in Bayi Forest Center in South Mountain of Urumqi,Xinjiang,China

The earliest lichen records from the Xinjiang were given by Elenkin in 1901.In the last decades,many studies on lichen floras in Xinjiang were increased significantly,and about 6 000 specimens were collected from 40 sites in the Altay,Tianshan,and Kunlun mountains.About 400 species in 100 genera and more than 30 families have been identified.Although the lichen floras in the northern phytogeographical region of Xinjiang have attracted more attention than those in other regions of Xinjiang,some additional research is needed in this area.It is necessary to study the lichen flora characteristics in small areas(such as Bayi Forest Center in the South Mountain of Urumqi).In this study,the composition and eco-geographical characteristics of lichen species in Bayi Forest Center,Urumqi,Xinjiang were preliminarily studied according to field investigation and literatures.The color test(CT),microcrystal test(MCT) and thin layer chromatography(TLC) methods were used to classify the lichen species.The results show that there are 114 species(including 9 varieties and 9 forms) in 51 genera of 23 families.The family,genus and species numbers are relatively abundant in the study area.There are seven major families which have more than 4 species,accounting for 68.42% of the species and 50.98% of the genera of the total taxa in this area.The species composition is complex,12 types of lichen flora in this region are identified,among them Eurasian-North American element(39.47%),North Hemisphere element(13.16%),Chinese endemic element(12.28%) and cosmopolitan element(10.58%) are predominant.In order to assess the lichen floristic diversity in this area,the lichens floristic data were collected from different references,the lichen flora diversity in more than 10 different areas was compared,and the results show that the lichen diversity in Bayi Forest Center is higher than that in other areas.