影响新疆南部地区环境变化的因素分析

借助前人研究成果和环境监测资料，分析新疆南部（以下简称南疆）地区近年来存在的主要生态与环境问题及其影响因素。结果表明：影响南疆环境变化的有自然因素和人为因素。自然因素主要是南疆呈现气温上升、降水增加和风沙天气减弱的趋势；人为因素主要表现为，人口持续增加、过度的水土开发以及城市化和工业化进程加速对环境的压力。合理的水土资源开发会对环境产生积极影响，即改善局部地带的小气候，减少干旱、土地荒漠化和风沙灾害，提高人工绿洲生态系统的服务功能等。无论是自然因素的变化，还是人为因素的干扰，对南疆生态系统的发展都存在着利与弊的双重作用。

Analyses on Factors Affecting Ecological Environment Change in South Xinjiang

By virtue of previous studies and environmental monitoring data,this paper discusses the main ecological environmental problems in south Xinjiang in recent years,and analyzes the factors affecting these problems.The results show that the environmental change in south Xinjiang is affected by both natural and human factors.The natural factors are mainly precipitation,temperature,occurring frequency and intensity of dust weather,water resources,etc.Furthermore,climate change in this region is characterized by the increase of both temperature and precipitation and the decrease of occurring frequency of dust weather.The human factors are mainly characterized by environmental pressure that comes from continuant population growth,excessive exploitation of water and land resources,rapid development of urbanization and industrialization,etc.However,rational exploitation of water and land resources may bring about the positive effects to ecological environment,such as the improvement of local climate,reduction of aridity and sandstorm disasters,control of land desertification,and improvement of service functions of artificial oasis ecosystem.Therefore,the change of natural factors and the disturbance of human factors can bring about positive and negative effects to the development of ecosystems in south Xinjiang.