福建省夏季网箱养殖鱼类主要病害情况及对策

研究了6种中草药水提取物对刺激隐核虫(Crytocaryon irritans)的体外杀灭效果，发现用7.14 mg·mL^–1的乌梅(Fructus mume)、槟榔(Areca catechu)、贯众(Dryopteris setosa)和石榴皮(Punica granatum)的水提取物分别处理幼虫5 min，幼虫死亡率达100%，用28.57 mg·mL^–1处理包囊4 h，包囊死亡率达84.1%以上。为评估喂服乌梅水提物对珍珠石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♀×E.fuscoguttatus♂)预防刺激隐核虫病的效果，投喂第14天后对石斑鱼的增重、溶菌酶活性、补体旁路途径溶血活性和鱼体滋养体数量及死亡率进行测试和评估。结果显示，药物组石斑鱼的增重和旁路补体溶血活性与对照组没有显著性差异(P>0.05)，溶菌酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，感染刺激隐核虫后滋养体数量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；致死剂量攻毒后，药物组(11.4 g·kg^–1、6.84 g·kg^–1、3.42 g·kg^–1)和对照组鱼的成活率分别为40%、20%、46.67%和0%。结果表明乌梅对预防刺激隐核虫病具有一定的开发前景。

Cryptocaryon irritans Brown 1951, the cause of 'white pot disease' in marine fish: an update

We evaluated the killing effects of water extracts of six Chinese herbal medicines on Crytocaryon irritans in vitro, and found out that treating theronts for 5 min with 7.14 mg·mL^–1 of Fructus mume, Areca catechu, Dryopteris setosa and Punica granatum, respectively, had rendered the theronts mortality rate of 100%. Moreover, treating tomonts with the above water extracts at a concentration of 28.57 mg·mL^–1 for 4 h could lead to the tomonts mortality rate of over 84.1%. To evaluate the preventive effect of water extract of F.mume on C.irritans infection, we studied the weight gain, lysozyme activity, hemolytic activity of alternative pathway CH50 (ACH₅₀), number of fish trophozoites and mortality rate of Epinephelus lanceolatus♀×E.fuscoguttatus♂ after having fed with water extract of F.mume for 14 d. No significant difference was observed in weight gain and hemolytic activity of ACH₅₀ between medicine groups and control group (P>0.05). In addition, lysozyme activity was all significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and number of trophozoites after infection with C.irritans was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the survival rate in medicine groups (11.4 g·kg^–1, 6.84 g·kg^–1, 3.42 g·kg^–1) and the control group were 40%, 20%, 46.67% and 0% with lethal dose infection, respectively. It is indicated that F.mume has developmental prospects for preventing C.irritans infection.