苹果光合性状杂种优势及其秋季日变化特征分析

以苹果品种华红和寒富及其杂交F1代种苗为试验材料,研究苹果在秋季的光合性能杂种优势的日变化特征。结果表明,净光合速率(Pn)午间表现正向杂种优势,17:00表现出急剧上升。蒸腾速率(Tr)全天除17:00外,其他时间表现负向杂种优势。水分利用效率(WUE)全天表现正向杂种优势。气孔导度(Gs)9:00-11:00及15:00-17:00为正优势。胞间CO2摩尔分数(Ci)在11:00前为正优势。从日均值来看,在水分利用的能力上杂交F1代强于亲本,消耗等量的水分,杂交F1代比双亲能固定更多数量的CO2,能更有效地利用土壤水分,杂种优势明显。

Heterosis of Apple Photosynthetic and Its Diurnal Variation Characteristics in Autumn

In order to provide the rationale for apple high photosynthetic efficiency breeding, apple breed Huahong and Hanfu and their hybrid F₁ were used as tested material to study the diurnal variation characteristics of photosynthetic heterosis in autumn apples. The result showed that P_n appeared positive heterosis at noon and rose quickly at 17:00. T_r appeared negative heterosis except 17:00. WUE was positive heterosis and G_s was positive heterosis between 9:00 to 11:00 and 15:00 to 17:00. C_i was positive before 11:00. From daily average, hybrid seedlings assimilated more CO₂ under the condition of equal water consumption, which had relatively higher water use efficiency than their parent. All information above suggested that the seedlings had obvious hybrid advantages in assimilating CO₂ and using soil water efficiently.