盐地碱蓬在北疆的生育规律及其对盐渍土改良效果

通过2a田间定位试验,研究北疆气候条件下盐地碱蓬生育规律及对盐渍土改良效果。结果表明,2011年和2012年,盐地碱蓬从播种到出苗需要16d和18d,苗期持续时间为63d和116d,开花时间为8月20日和8月24日,成熟期大约在10月20日。其地上部分灰分累积量为2 871.89kg·hm-2和3 437.63kg·hm-2,Na+累积量为1 512.96kg·hm-2和1 641.16kg·hm-2,Cl-累积量为668.27kg·hm-2和894.04kg·hm-2。其从土壤中净输出盐分为452.99kg·hm-2和2 497.63kg·hm-2,净输出Na+为1 232.33kg·hm-2和1 449.66kg·hm-2,净输出Cl-为492.79kg·hm-2和774.63kg·hm-2。在盐渍土上种植盐地碱蓬后,0~100cm土层可溶性总盐、Na+和Cl-质量分数明显降低,均以40~60cm土层降低最多。种植盐地碱蓬2a后,40~60cm土层电导率降低2.1dS·m-1,脱盐率达54.97%,脱Na+率达67.74%,脱Cl-达95.70%。

Growth Regularity of Suaeda salsa L. and Its Effects on Salt Soil Improvement in the Northern Xinjiang

The growth regularity of Suaeda salsa L. and its effects on salt soil improvement were investigated by a 2 year field trial in the northern Xinjiang from 2011 to 2012. The results showed that the germination of S.salsa needed 16 or 18 days in 2011 and 2012, respectively; seedling period was 63 or 115 days respectively. The flowering date was on August 20 and 24 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The difference in flowering time was less than the differences of germination or seedling stages. The total ash amount of shoots of S.salsa per hectare were 2 871.89 kg in 2011 and 3 437.63 kg in 2012; Na^{+ net uptake by shoots were 1 512.96 kg in 2011 and 1 641.16 kg in 2012; net Cl- uptake were 668.27 kg in 2011 and 894.04 kg in 2012, respectively. Total soluble salts and mass fraction of Na+ and Cl- decreased in 0-100 cm soil profile, especially in the layer of 40-60 cm. After two year growth of S.salsa, the soil conductivity in 40-60 cm layer was reduced by 2.1 dS·m-1, and desalination rate was 54.97%. 67.74% of sodium and 95.70% of chlorination rate were reduced in the soil layer after two years of planting S.salsa. In conclusion, planting S.salsa is an efficient approach to reduce total soluble salt in root zone in saline soil in the northern Xinjiang.}