机会主义知识产权诉讼行为及其法律控制——美国法的经验和启示

机会主义知识产权诉讼是利用信息优势和交易专用性资产等因素不正当地通过诉讼获得利益的行为，属于利用缺乏依据的独占性权利寻租的行为，包括将竞争对手排除出市场以及收取高额许可费用等。机会主义诉讼增加了知识产权制度运行的社会成本，扭曲了知识产权保护和交易关系。通过借鉴美国法律规定和司法实践，引入减少临时禁令的颁发和由败诉原告承担律师费等约束机制，并积极采用部分判决和改进确认不侵权之诉等激励机制，以期帮助恢复知识产权制度的利益平衡机制。

Opportunism Intellectual Property Law Suit and its Legal Regulation

Opportunism intellectual property law suit is unfair behavior of requiring interests by the advantage of information and transaction-specific assets, which is rent seeking lack of legal basis. It contains excluding the competitors and making high royalties. Opportunism law suit raise the social cost of intellectual property regime, and retort the protection and transaction of intellectual property rights. We can learn from the legislation and judicial practice of United States, and use restraining mechanism including reducing the preliminary injunction and ordering the lost plaintiff to pay the lawyer fees, as well as incentive mechanism such, as making part judgment and promote the suit on affirmation of no tort, in order to help the balancing of interest of intellectual property.