新疆棉花胞质不育系主要农艺性状的配合力分析

为进一步利用棉花杂种优势，促进三系杂交棉的选育，以哈克尼西棉、三裂棉（D8）和海岛棉（05 53A）3种不同来源细胞质雄性不育系为母本，以新疆早熟陆地棉新陆早33号、新陆早36号、系9为回交亲本，连续回交4代，获得9个新不育系（A1~A9）；用3个恢复系（R1~R3）与之进行杂交，获得27个杂交组合，并对8个主要性状的一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）进行分析。结果表明，不育系衣分、籽棉产量、纤维长、整齐度、马克隆值、伸长率和比强GCA的差异均达到显著水平；恢复系纤维长、伸长率、比强和籽棉产量GCA差异均达到极显著水平；杂交组合铃质量、衣分、马克隆值、伸长率、比强和籽棉产量SCA的差异均达到显著水平；纤维长和整齐度主要受加性效应的影响，铃质量主要受非加性效应的影响，马克隆值、伸长率、比强和籽棉产量同时受加性和非加性效应的影响。从GCA来看，产量性状中铃质量和籽棉产量的GCA效应值是正值的比例较高（均为58.33%）； 3个恢复系中，R3的7个性状的GCA效应值均为正值；9个不育系中，A1、A4的GCA效应值综合较高，A6籽棉产量的GCA效应值最高，A9纤维长的GCA效应值最高。从SCA来看，产量性状中铃质量和衣分的SCA效应值是正值的比例较高（均为55.56%）；杂交组合A2×R1、A6×R2、A5×R3、A7×R3、A8×R3产量性状的SCA效应值综合较高；A5×R1、A3×R2品质性状的SCA效应值综合较高；A9×R1、A7×R2、A4×R3产量和品质性状的SCA效应值综合较高。

Combining Ability Analysis of Agronomic Traits for Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Lines of Early matured Upland Cotton in Xinjiang

To further utilize cotton heterosis and promote breeding of three line hybrid cotton, in this study, by using cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines of Gossypum harknessii Brandegee, Gossypum trilobum (D8) and Gossypium barbadense L. as female parents, Xinjiang early matured upland cotton Xinluzao 33, Xinluzao 36 and Xi 9 as backcrossing parents, fours generations of backcrossing were conducted, nine new CMS lines (A1-A9) were obtained, which were then hybridized with three restorer lines (R1-R3), and 27 hybrid combinations were obtained, to analyze the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of eight major traits. The results showed that the differences in GCA of lint button percentage, seed cotton yield, fiber length, uniformity, micronaire,elongation rate and specific strength of CMS lines all reached significant levels, while differences of fiber length, elongation rate, specific strength and seed cotton yield of restorer lines all reached extremely significant levels; the differences in SCA of cotton boll quality, lint button percentage, micronaire, elongation rate, specific strength and seed cotton yield of hybrid combinations all reached significant levels; fiber length and uniformity were mainly controlled by additive allelic effect, cotton boll quality was mainly controlled by non additive allelic effect, while micronaire, elongation rate, specific strength and seed cotton yield were controlled by both additive allelic effect and non additive allelic effect. In yield traits, GCA of cotton boll quality and seed cotton yield showed high proportion of positive effect value (both reached 58.33%); in quality traits; in three restorer lines, GCA of seven traits of R3 showed positive effect value; in nine CMS lines, GCA of A1 and A4 showed relatively high comprehensive effect value, GCA of seed cotton yield of A6 and that of fiber length of A9 showed the maximum effect value. In yield traits, SCA of seed cotton yield and lint button percentage showed high proportion of positive effect value (both reached 55.56%); in quality traits, SCA of yield traits of hybrid combinations A2×R1, A6×R2, A5×R3, A7×R3 and A8×R3 showed relatively high comprehensive effect value, SCA of quality traits of hybrid combinations A5×R1 and A3×R2 showed relatively high comprehensive effect value, while SCA of both yield traits and quality traits of hybrid combinations A9×R1, A7×R2 and A4×R3 showed relatively high comprehensive effect value.